Journal Home > Volume 13 , Issue 1
Food Science and Human Wellness 2024, 13(1): 16-26 https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250002
Review Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 01 June 2023

Weizmannia coagulans: an ideal probiotic for gut health

Show Author's Information Shiqi Zhanga,b,  Pinglan Lia,c,  Suwon Leeb,  Yu Wanga,  Chunming Tana,c,  Nan Shangc,d,( )
Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Coree Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing 101312, China
Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

Peer review under responsibility of Tsinghua University Press.

Keywords:
Microbiota, Probiotics, Spore former, Gut disorders, Weizmannia coagulans
Cite this article:
Zhang S, Li P, Lee S, et al. Weizmannia coagulans: an ideal probiotic for gut health. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2024, 13(1): 16-26. https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250002
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

3267

Views

653

Downloads

Citations

2

Crossref

3

WoS

3

Scopus

0

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

Weizmannia coagulans (formerly Bacillus coagulans) is a spore-forming and lactic acid-producing bacterium. It has recently attracted much attention from researchers and food manufacturers due to its probiotic functions and stability in processing and storage. W. coagulans is capable of improving gut health through the regulation of gut microbiota, modulation of immunity, and improving digestibility and metabolism. Spores, germinated cells and metabolites of W. coagulans modulate the gut micro-environment and further affect other organs. W. coagulans is an environment-friendly probiotic since it can contribute to the host by reconstructing the balance of gut microbiota and only temporarily resides in the intestine after administration. W. coagulans has been generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thus it is an ideal probiotic for improving gut health. The merit of its stability in processing and storage provides W. coagulans spores many possibilities for its use in various types of functional foods. This review presents an overview of the characteristics of W. coagulans that make it an ideal probiotic candidate and highlights the proposed health benefits with scientific evidence conferred by the administration of W. coagulans.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Weizmannia coagulans: an ideal probiotic for gut health

Show Author's information Shiqi Zhanga,b, Pinglan Lia,c, Suwon Leeb, Yu Wanga, Chunming Tana,c, Nan Shangc,d,( )
Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Coree Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing 101312, China
Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

Peer review under responsibility of Tsinghua University Press.

Abstract

Weizmannia coagulans (formerly Bacillus coagulans) is a spore-forming and lactic acid-producing bacterium. It has recently attracted much attention from researchers and food manufacturers due to its probiotic functions and stability in processing and storage. W. coagulans is capable of improving gut health through the regulation of gut microbiota, modulation of immunity, and improving digestibility and metabolism. Spores, germinated cells and metabolites of W. coagulans modulate the gut micro-environment and further affect other organs. W. coagulans is an environment-friendly probiotic since it can contribute to the host by reconstructing the balance of gut microbiota and only temporarily resides in the intestine after administration. W. coagulans has been generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thus it is an ideal probiotic for improving gut health. The merit of its stability in processing and storage provides W. coagulans spores many possibilities for its use in various types of functional foods. This review presents an overview of the characteristics of W. coagulans that make it an ideal probiotic candidate and highlights the proposed health benefits with scientific evidence conferred by the administration of W. coagulans.

Keywords: Microbiota, Probiotics, Spore former, Gut disorders, Weizmannia coagulans

References(123)

[1]

FAO/WHO, Working group report on drafting guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food, World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2002) Ontario: London.
[2]

F.M.F. Elshaghabee, N. Rokana, R.D. Gulhane, et al., Bacillus as potential probiotics: status, concerns, and future perspectives, Front. Microbiol. 8(2017) 1490. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01490.
DOI Google Scholar
[3]

P. Shokryazdan, M. Faseleh Jahromi, J.B. Liang, et al., Probiotics: from isolation to application, J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 36 (2017) 666-676. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2017.1337529.
DOI Google Scholar
[4]

A. Velayati, I. Kareem, M. Sedaghat, et al., Does symbiotic supplementation which contains Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and fructooligosaccharide has favourite effects in patients with type-2 diabetes? A randomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial, Arch. Physiol. Biochem. (2021) 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2021.1928225.
DOI Google Scholar
[5]

T. Takimoto, M. Hatanaka, T. Hoshino, et al., Effect of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on bone mineral density in healthy postmenopausal Japanese women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial, Biosci. Microb. Food H. 37 (2018) 87-96. https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.18-006.
DOI Google Scholar
[6]

J. Heo, S.K. Kim, K.S. Park, et al., A double-blind, randomized, active drug comparative, parallel-group, multi-center clinical study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis, Zhengchangsheng(R)capsule) in patients with diarrhea, Intest. Res. 12 (2014) 236-44. https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.3.236.
DOI Google Scholar
[7]

B.W. Hammer, Bacteriological studies on the coagulation of evaporated milk, Research Bulletin (Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station) 2 (1918) 119-132.
Google Scholar
[8]

L. Drago, E. De Vecchi, Should Lactobacillus sporogenes and Bacillus coagulans have a future?, J. Chemotherapy 21 (2009) 371-377. https://doi.org/10.1179/joc.2009.21.4.371.
DOI Google Scholar
[9]

E.P. Nyangale, S. Farmer, H.A. Cash, et al., Bacillus coagulans GBI-30,6086 modulates faecalibacterium prausnitzii in older men and women, J. Nutr. 145 (2015) 1446-52. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.199802.
DOI Google Scholar
[10]

S. Zhao, X. Peng, Q.Y. Zhou, et al., Bacillus coagulans 13002 and fructooligosaccharides improve the immunity of mice with immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide through modulating intestinal-derived and fecal microbiota, Food Res. Int. 140 (2021) 109793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109793.
DOI Google Scholar
[11]

A.K. Gupta, C. Maity, Efficacy and safety of Bacillus coagulans LBSC in irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, interventional, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled clinical study, Medicine (Baltimore) 100 (2021) e23641. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000023641.
DOI Google Scholar
[12]

P. Kundu, E. Blacher, E. Elinav, et al., Our gut microbiome: the evolving inner self, Cell 171 (2017) 1481-1493. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.024.
DOI Google Scholar
[13]

W.A. Walker, The importance of appropriate initial bacterial colonization of the intestine in newborn, child, and adult health, Pediatr. Res. 82 (2017) 387-395. https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2017.111.
DOI Google Scholar
[14]

A. Andremont, J. Cervesi, P.A. Bandinelli, et al., Spare and repair the gut microbiota from antibiotic-induced dysbiosis: state-of-the-art, Drug Discov. Today (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.022.
DOI Google Scholar
[15]

K. Parkin, C.T. Christophersen, V. Verhasselt, et al., Risk factors for gut dysbiosis in early life, Microorganisms 9 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102066.
DOI Google Scholar
[16]

M. Aguilera, M. Cerda-Cuellar, V. Martinez, Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis alters host-bacterial interactions and leads to colonic sensory and motor changes in mice, Gut Microbes 6 (2015) 10-23. https://doi.org/10.4161/19490976.2014.990790.
DOI Google Scholar
[17]

R. Maslennikov, V. Ivashkin, I. Efremova, et al., Gut dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth as independent forms of gut microbiota disorders in cirrhosis, World J. Gastroenterol 28 (2022) 1067-1077. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28.i10.1067.
DOI Google Scholar
[18]

B. Fairfield, B. Schnabl, Gut dysbiosis as a driver in alcohol-induced liver injury, JHEP Rep. 3 (2021) 100220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100220.
DOI Google Scholar
[19]

T. Hrncir, Gut microbiota dysbiosis: triggers, consequences, diagnostic and therapeutic options, Microorganisms 10 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030578.
DOI Google Scholar
[20]

C. Duvallet, S.M. Gibbons, T. Gurry, et al., Meta-analysis of gut microbiome studies identifies disease-specific and shared responses, Nat. Commun. 8(2017) 1784. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01973-8.
DOI Google Scholar
[21]

H. Duan, L. Yu, F. Tian, et al., Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and barrier disruption and the potential protective strategies, Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr. (2020) 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1843396.
DOI Google Scholar
[22]

K. Abhari, S.S. Shekarforoush, J. Sajedianfard, et al., The effects of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic diets containing Bacillus coagulans and inulin on rat intestinal microbiota, Iran J. Vet. Res. 16 (2015) 267-73.
DOI Google Scholar
[23]

A. Adami, V. Cavazzoni, Occurrence of selected bacterial groups in the faeces of piglets fed with Bacillus coagulans as probiotic, J. Basic Microbio. 39 (1999) 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4028(199903)39:1<3::AID-JOBM3>3.0.CO;2-O.
DOI Google Scholar
[24]

M.E. Sanders, D.J. Merenstein, G. Reid, et al., Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic, Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 16 (2019) 605-616. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-019-0173-3.
DOI Google Scholar
[25]

E.B. Daliri, B.H. Lee, New perspectives on probiotics in health and disease, Food SCI. Hum. Well. 4 (2015) 56-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2015.06.002.
DOI Google Scholar
[26]

L.M. Rocha-Ramirez, U. Hernandez-Chinas, S.S. Moreno-Guerrero, et al., Probiotic properties and immunomodulatory activity of Lactobacillus strains isolated from dairy products, Microorganisms 9 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040825.
DOI Google Scholar
[27]

W. Holzapfel, A. Arini, M. Aeschbacher, et al., Enterococcus faecium SF68 as a model for efficacy and safety evaluation of pharmaceutical probiotics, Benef. Microbes 9 (2018) 375-388. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2017.0148.
DOI Google Scholar
[28]

T. Didari, S. Solki, S. Mozaffari, et al., A systematic review of the safety of probiotics, Expert Opin. Drug. Saf. 13 (2014) 227-39. https://doi.org/10.1517/14740338.2014.872627.
DOI Google Scholar
[29]

K. Abdhul, M. Ganesh, S. Shanmughapriya, et al., Bacteriocinogenic potential of a probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans [BDU3] from Ngari, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 79 (2015) 800-806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.005.
DOI Google Scholar
[30]

Y. Yu, X. Yu, J. Ouyang, et al., Complete genome sequence of Bacillus coagulans BC01, a promising human probiotic strain isolated from thick broad bean sauce, Microbiol. Resour. Announc. 10 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00392-21.
DOI Google Scholar
[31]

G. Konuray, Z. Erginkaya, Potential use of Bacillus coagulans in the food industry, Foods 7 (2018) 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods7060092.
DOI Google Scholar
[32]

M. Koopaie, M. Fatahzadeh, S. Jahangir, et al., Comparison of the effect of regular and probiotic cake (Bacillus coagulans) on salivary pH and Streptococcus mutans count, Dent. Med. Probl. 56 (2019) 33-38. https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/99757.
DOI Google Scholar
[33]

R.S. Gupta, S. Patel, N. Saini, et al., Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 70 (2020) 5753-5798. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004475.
DOI Google Scholar
[34]

W.Y. Bang, O.H. Ban, B.S. Lee, et al., Genomic-, phenotypic-, and toxicitybased safety assessment and probiotic potency of Bacillus coagulans IDCC 1201 isolated from green malt, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 48 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1093/jimb/kuab026.
DOI Google Scholar
[35]

W.B. Sarles, B.W. Hammer, Observations on Bacillus coagulans, J. Bacteriol. 23 (1932) 301-14. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.23.4.301-314.1932.
DOI Google Scholar
[36]

M. Majeed, S. Majeed, S. Arumugam, et al., Comparative evaluation for thermostability and gastrointestinal survival of probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 85 (2021) 962-971. https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbaa116.
DOI Google Scholar
[37]

C. Gonzalez-Ferrero, J.M. Irache, C.J. Gonzalez-Navarro, Soybean proteinbased microparticles for oral delivery of probiotics with improved stability during storage and gut resistance, Food Chem. 239 (2018) 879-888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.022.
DOI Google Scholar
[38]

Y. Mu, Y. Cong, Bacillus coagulans and its applications in medicine, Benef. Microbes 10 (2019) 679-688. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2018.0016.
DOI Google Scholar
[39]

D. Keller, S. Verbruggen, H. Cash, et al., Spores of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30,6086 show high germination, survival and enzyme activity in a dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro model of the gastrointestinal tract, Benef. Microbes 10 (2019) 77-87. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2018.0037.
DOI Google Scholar
[40]

N.K. Tam, N.Q. Uyen, H.A. Hong, et al., The intestinal life cycle of Bacillus subtilis and close relatives, J. Bacteriol. 188 (2006) 2692-2700. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.188.7.2692-2700.2006.
DOI Google Scholar
[41]

C. Gusils, S. Cuozzo, F. Sesma, et al., Examination of adhesive determinants in three species of Lactobacillus isolated from chicken, Can. J. Microbiol. 48(2002) 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1139/w01-122.
DOI Google Scholar
[42]

T. Wakai, C. Kano, H. Karsens, et al., Functional role of surface layer proteins of Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 in stress tolerance and binding to host cell proteins, Biosci. Microbiota Food Health 40 (2021) 33-42. https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2020-005.
DOI Google Scholar
[43]

C.E. O'Brien, A.K. Meier, K. Cernioglo, et al., Early probiotic supplementation with B. infantis in breastfed infants leads to persistent colonization at 1 year, Pediatr. Res. 91 (2022) 627-636. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-01350-0.
DOI Google Scholar
[44]

S. Roy Sarkar, P. Mitra Mazumder, S. Banerjee, Probiotics protect against gut dysbiosis associated decline in learning and memory, J. Neuroimmunol. 348 (2020) 577390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577390.
DOI Google Scholar
[45]

P. Louis, H.J. Flint, Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota, Environ. Microbiol. 19 (2017) 29-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13589.
DOI Google Scholar
[46]

K.C.K. Poelaert, J. Van Cleemput, K. Laval, et al., Beyond gut instinct: metabolic short-chain fatty acids moderate the pathogenesis of alphaherpesviruses, Front. Microbiol. 10 (2019) 723. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00723.
DOI Google Scholar
[47]

S.A. Mekonnen, D. Merenstein, C.M. Fraser, et al., Molecular mechanisms of probiotic prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 61(2020) 226-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2020.01.005.
DOI Google Scholar
[48]

Z. Zheng, C. Ma, C. Gao, et al., Efficient conversion of phenylpyruvic acid to phenyllactic acid by using whole cells of Bacillus coagulans SDM, PLoS One 6 (2011) e19030. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019030.
DOI Google Scholar
[49]

S.C. Xing, J.D. Mi, J.Y. Chen, et al., Metabolic activity of Bacillus coagulans R11 and the health benefits of and potential pathogen inhibition by this species in the intestines of laying hens under lead exposure, Sci. Total Environ. 709 (2020) 134507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134507.
DOI Google Scholar
[50]

C.Y. Saw, T.J. Chang, P.Y. Chen, et al., Presence of Bacillus coagulans spores and vegetative cells in rat intestine and feces and their physiological effects, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 83 (2019) 2327-2333. https://doi.org/1 0.1080/09168451.2019.1651628.
DOI Google Scholar
[51]

K. Sasaki, D. Sasaki, J. Inoue, et al., Bacillus coagulans SANK 70258 suppresses Enterobacteriaceae in the microbiota of ulcerative colitis in vitro and enhances butyrogenesis in healthy microbiota, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 104(2020) 3859-3867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10506-1.
DOI Google Scholar
[52]

R. Sulthana, A.C. Archer, Bacteriocin nanoconjugates: boon to medical and food industry, J. Appl. Microbiol. 131 (2021) 1056-1071. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14982.
DOI Google Scholar
[53]

A. Fernandes, R. Jobby, Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria and their potential clinical applications, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-03870-3.
DOI Google Scholar
[54]

V. Sharma, K. Harjai, G. Shukla, Effect of bacteriocin and exopolysaccharides isolated from probiotic on P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm, Folia. Microbiol. (Praha) 63 (2018) 181-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-017-0545-4.
DOI Google Scholar
[55]

C. Le Marrec, B. Hyronimus, P. Bressollier, et al., Biochemical and genetic characterization of coagulin, a new antilisterial bacteriocin in the pediocin family of bacteriocins, produced by Bacillus coagulans I(4), Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 (2000) 5213-5220. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.12.5213-5220.2000.
DOI Google Scholar
[56]

L. Fu, C. Wang, X. Ruan, et al., Preservation of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) by Coagulin L1208, a novel bacteriocin produced by Bacillus coagulans L1208, Int. J. Food Microbiol. 266 (2018) 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.11.012.
DOI Google Scholar
[57]

E. Huszcza, B. Burczyk, Surfactin isoforms from Bacillus coagulans, Z. Naturforsch C.J. Biosci. 61 (2006) 727-733. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-9-1020.
DOI Google Scholar
[58]

S. Riazi, R.E. Wirawan, V. Badmaev, et al., Characterization of lactosporin, a novel antimicrobial protein produced by Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050, J. Appl. Microbiol. 106 (2009) 1370-1377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04105.x.
DOI Google Scholar
[59]

E.A.E. Abada, Isolation and characterization of a antimicrobial compound from Bacillus coagulans, Anim. Cells Syst. 12 (2008) 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/19768354.2008.9647152.
DOI Google Scholar
[60]

A. Ouwehand, E. Isolauri, S. Salminen, The role of the intestinal microflora for the development of the immune system in early childhood, Eur. J. Nutr. 41 (2002) 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-002-1105-4.
DOI Google Scholar
[61]

A. Ancona, C. Petito, I. Iavarone, et al., The gut-brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, Dig. Liver Dis. 53 (2021) 298-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2020.11.026.
DOI Google Scholar
[62]

E.R. Guzman-Bautista, K. Suzuki, S. Asami, et al., Bacteria-immune cells dialog and the homeostasis of the systems, Curr. Opin. Immunol. 66 (2020) 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2020.05.010.
DOI Google Scholar
[63]

R. Frei, M. Akdis, L. O'Mahony, Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and the immune system: experimental data and clinical evidence, Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 31 (2015) 153-158. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000151.
DOI Google Scholar
[64]

S. Hougee, A.J. Vriesema, S.C. Wijering, et al., Oral treatment with probiotics reduces allergic symptoms in ovalbumin-sensitized mice: a bacterial strain comparative study, Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 151 (2010) 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1159/000236000.
DOI Google Scholar
[65]

H. Szajewska, A. Skorka, M. Ruszczynski, et al., Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus GG for treating acute gastroenteritis in children--updated analysis of randomised controlled trials, Aliment Pharmacol. Ther. 38 (2013) 467-476. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.12403.
DOI Google Scholar
[66]

Y. Liu, J. Wang, C. Wu, Modulation of gut microbiota and immune system by probiotics, pre-biotics, and post-biotics, Front. Nutr. 8 (2021) 634897. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.634897.
DOI Google Scholar
[67]

M. Kalliomaki, S. Salminen, H. Arvilommi, et al., Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial, Lancet 357 (2001) 1076-1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04259-8.
DOI Google Scholar
[68]

C. Gruber, M. Wendt, C. Sulser, et al., Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as treatment of atopic dermatitis in infancy, Allergy 62 (2007) 1270-1276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01543.x.
DOI Google Scholar
[69]

T.V. Bomko, T.N. Nosalskaya, T.V. Kabluchko, et al., Immunotropic aspect of the Bacillus coagulans probiotic action, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 69 (2017) 1033-1040. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12726.
DOI Google Scholar
[70]

T. Shinde, A.P. Perera, R. Vemuri, et al., Synbiotic supplementation with prebiotic green banana resistant starch and probiotic Bacillus coagulans spores ameliorates gut inflammation in mouse model of inflammatory bowel diseases, Eur. J. Nutr. 59 (2020) 3669-3689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02200-9.
DOI Google Scholar
[71]

L.R. Fitzpatrick, J.S. Small, W.H. Greene, et al., Bacillus coagulans GBI-30(BC30) improves indices of Clostridium difficile-induced colitis in mice, Gut Pathog. 3 (2011) 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-4749-3-16.
DOI Google Scholar
[72]

L.R. Fitzpatrick, J.S. Small, W.H. Greene, et al., Bacillus coagulans GBI-30,6086 limits the recurrence of Clostridium difficile-induced colitis following vancomycin withdrawal in mice, Gut Pathog. 4 (2012) 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-4749-4-13.
DOI Google Scholar
[73]

K. Abhari, S.S. Shekarforoush, S. Hosseinzadeh, et al., The effects of orally administered Bacillus coagulans and inulin on prevention and progression of rheumatoid arthritis in rats, Food Nutr. Res. 60 (2016) 30876. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.30876.
DOI Google Scholar
[74]

Y. Wang, J. Lin, Z. Cheng, et al., Bacillus coagulans TL3 inhibits LPSinduced caecum damage in rat by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB and Nrf2 signal pathways and modulating intestinal microflora, Oxid Med. Cell Longev. 2022 (2022) 5463290. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5463290.
DOI Google Scholar
[75]

M. Pyclik, D. Srutkova, M. Schwarzer, et al., Bifidobacteria cell wallderived exo-polysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids, peptidoglycans, polar lipids and proteins -their chemical structure and biological attributes, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 147 (2020) 333-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.227.
DOI Google Scholar
[76]

S.S. Kang, J.R. Sim, C.H. Yun, et al., Lipoteichoic acids as a major virulence factor causing inflammatory responses via Toll-like receptor 2, Arch. Pharm. Res. 39 (2016) 1519-1529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-016-0804-y.
DOI Google Scholar
[77]

A.D. Friedrich, J. Leoni, M.L. Paz, et al., Lipoteichoic acid from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG modulates dendritic cells and T cells in the gut, Nutrients 14 (2022) 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030723.
DOI Google Scholar
[78]

W.J. Kim, J.H. Hyun, N.K. Lee, et al., Protective effects of a novel Lactobacillus brevis strain with probiotic characteristics against staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid-induced intestinal inflammatory response, J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 32 (2022) 205-211. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2110.10034.
DOI Google Scholar
[79]

G.S. Jensen, K.F. Benson, S.G. Carter, et al., GanedenBC30 cell wall and metabolites: anti-inflammatory and immune modulating effects in vitro, BMC Immunology 11 (2010) 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-11-15.
DOI Google Scholar
[80]

N.K. Lee, W.S. Kim, H.D. Paik, Bacillus strains as human probiotics: characterization, safety, microbiome, and probiotic carrier, Food Sci. Biotechnol. 28 (2019) 1297-1305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00691-9.
DOI Google Scholar
[81]

M.H. Foley, S. O'Flaherty, G. Allen, et al., Lactobacillus bile salt hydrolase substrate specificity governs bacterial fitness and host colonization, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2017709118.
DOI Google Scholar
[82]

Y. Hao, P. Zhou, Y.J. Zhu, et al., Gut microbbiota dysbiosis and altered bile acid catabolism lead to metabolic disorder in psoriasis mice, Front. Microbiol. 13 (2022) 853566. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.853566.
DOI Google Scholar
[83]

N. Batra, J. Singh, U.C. Banerjee, et al., Production and characterization of a thermostable beta-galactosidase from Bacillus coagulans RCS3, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 36 (2002) 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1042/ba20010091.
DOI Google Scholar
[84]

P. Liu, J. Xie, J. Liu, et al., A novel thermostable beta-galactosidase from Bacillus coagulans with excellent hydrolysis ability for lactose in whey, J. Dairy. Sci. 102 (2019) 9740-9748. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16654.
DOI Google Scholar
[85]

M. Aulitto, A. Strazzulli, F. Sansone, et al., Prebiotic properties of Bacillus coagulans MA-13: production of galactoside hydrolyzing enzymes and characterization of the transglycosylation properties of a GH42 betagalactosidase, Microb. Cell Fact. 20 (2021) 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-021-01553-y.
DOI Google Scholar
[86]

H. Alkan, Z. Baysal, F. Uyar, et al., Production of lipase by a newly isolated Bacillus coagulans under solid-state fermentation using melon wastes, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 136 (2007) 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02686016.
DOI Google Scholar
[87]

B. Zhang, H. Zhang, Y. Yu, et al., Effects of Bacillus coagulans on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity function, and gut health in broilers, Poultry Science 100 (2021) 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101168.
DOI Google Scholar
[88]

R. Horne, J.A. Foster, Metabolic and microbiota measures as peripheral biomarkers in major depressive disorder, Front. Psychiatry. 9 (2018) 513. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00513.
DOI Google Scholar
[89]

S.M. Jandhyala, R. Talukdar, C. Subramanyam, et al., Role of the normal gut microbiota, World J. Gastroenterol. 21 (2015) 8787-8803. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8787.
DOI Google Scholar
[90]

C. Osinski, D. Moret, K. Clement, et al., Enteroendocrine system and gut barrier in metabolic disorders, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073732.
DOI Google Scholar
[91]

L. Bordalo Tonucci, K.M. Dos Santos, C.L. De Luces Fortes Ferreira, et al., Gut microbiota and probiotics: Focus on diabetes mellitus, Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr. 57 (2017) 2296-2309. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014.934438.
DOI Google Scholar
[92]

M. Kriss, K.Z. Hazleton, N.M. Nusbacher, et al., Low diversity gut microbiota dysbiosis: drivers, functional implications and recovery, Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 44 (2018) 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2018.07.003.
DOI Google Scholar
[93]

C.N. Almada-Erix, C.N. Almada, L. Cabral, et al., Orange juice and yogurt carrying probiotic Bacillus coagulans GBI-306086: impact of intake on Wistar male rats health parameters and gut bacterial diversity, Front. Microbiol. 12 (2021) 623951. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.623951.
DOI Google Scholar
[94]

R. Urtasun, J. Diaz-Gomez, M. Arana, et al., A combination of apple vinegar drink with Bacillus coagulans ameliorates high fat diet-induced body weight gain, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, Nutrients 12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092504.
DOI Google Scholar
[95]

Y. Lee, R. Yoshitsugu, K. Kikuchi, et al., Combination of soya pulp and Bacillus coagulans lilac-01 improves intestinal bile acid metabolism without impairing the effects of prebiotics in rats fed a cholic acid-supplemented diet, Br. J. Nutr. 116 (2016) 603-610. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516002270.
DOI Google Scholar
[96]

S. Kang, M.Y. Park, I. Brooks, et al., Spore-forming Bacillus coagulans SNZ 1969 improved intestinal motility and constipation perception mediated by microbial alterations in healthy adults with mild intermittent constipation: A randomized controlled trial, Food Res. Int. 146 (2021) 110428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110428.
DOI Google Scholar
[97]

K. Minamida, M. Nishimura, K. Miwa, et al., Effects of dietary fiber with Bacillus coagulans lilac-01 on bowel movement and fecal properties of healthy volunteers with a tendency for constipation, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 79 (2015) 300-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2014.972331.
DOI Google Scholar
[98]

C. Maity, A.K. Gupta, A prospective, interventional, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bacillus coagulans LBSC in the treatment of acute diarrhea with abdominal discomfort, Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 75 (2019) 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-018-2562-x.
DOI Google Scholar
[99]

M.R. Sudha, N. Jayanthi, M. Aasin, et al., Efficacy of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children: a double blind, randomised placebo controlled study, Benef. Microbes 9 (2018) 563-572. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2017.0129.
DOI Google Scholar
[100]

M. Majeed, K. Nagabhushanam, S. Natarajan, et al., Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 supplementation in the management of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a double blind randomized placebo controlled pilot clinical study, Nutr. J. 15 (2016) 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-016-0140-6.
DOI Google Scholar
[101]

L. Hun, Bacillus coagulans significantly improved abdominal pain and bloating in patients with IBS, Postgrad. Med. 121 (2009) 119-124. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2009.03.1984.
DOI Google Scholar
[102]

K. Abhari, S. Saadati, F. Hosseini-Oskouiee, et al., Is Bacillus coagulans supplementation plus low FODMAP diet superior to low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome management?, Eur. J. Nutr. 59 (2020) 2111-2117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02060-y.
DOI Google Scholar
[103]

B.J. Dolin, Effects of a proprietary Bacillus coagulans preparation on symptoms of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, Methods Find Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 31 (2009) 655-659. https://doi.org/10.1358/mf.2009.31.10.1441078.
DOI Google Scholar
[104]

K. Abhari, S. Saadati, Z. Yari, et al., The effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, Clin. Nutr. ESPEN 39 (2020) 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.020.
DOI Google Scholar
[105]

D.R. Mandel, K. Eichas, J. Holmes, Bacillus coagulans: a viable adjunct therapy for relieving symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis according to a randomized, controlled trial, BMC Complem. Altern. M. 10 (2010) 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-10-1.
DOI Google Scholar
[106]

M. Tarik, L. Ramakrishnan, N. Bhatia, et al., The effect of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 supplementation on plasma amino acid levels and muscle strength in resistance trained males consuming whey protein: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Eur. J. Nutr. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02844-9.
DOI Google Scholar
[107]

R.A. Stecker, J.M. Moon, T.J. Russo, et al., Bacillus coagulans GBI-30,6086 improves amino acid absorption from milk protein, Nutr. Metab. (Lond) 17 (2020) 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-020-00515-2.
DOI Google Scholar
[108]

V.V. Kumar, K.M. Sudha, S. Bennur, et al., A prospective, randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled comparative study of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30,6086 with digestive enzymes in improving indigestion in geriatric population, J. Family Med. Prim. Care 9 (2020) 1108-1112. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_922_19.
DOI Google Scholar
[109]

M.A. Anaya-Loyola, J.A. Enciso-Moreno, J.E. Lopez-Ramos, et al., Bacillus coagulans GBI-30,6068 decreases upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract symptoms in healthy Mexican scholar-aged children by modulating immune-related proteins, Food Res. Int. 125 (2019) 108567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108567.
DOI Google Scholar
[110]

M. Baron, A patented strain of Bacillus coagulans increased immune response to viral challenge, Postgrad. Med. 121 (2009) 114-118. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2009.03.1971.
DOI Google Scholar
[111]

R.S. Madempudi, J. Neelamraju, J.J. Ahire, et al., Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 in constipation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Probiotics Antimicrob. 12 (2020) 335-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-019-09542-9.
DOI Google Scholar
[112]

M.R. Sudha, S. Bhonagiri, Efficacy of Bacillus coagulans strain Unique IS2 in the treatment of patients with acute diarrhea, Int. J. Probiotics Prebiotics 31 (2012) 33-37.
Google Scholar
[113]

R.K. Chandra, Effect of Lactobacillus on the incidence and severity of acute rotavirus diarrhoea in infants. A prospective placebo-controlled double-blind study, Nutr. Res. 22 (2002) 65-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0271-5317(01)00367-0.
DOI Google Scholar
[114]

M. Daniali, S. Nikfar, M. Abdollahi, Antibiotic resistance propagation through probiotics, Expert Opin. Drug. Metab. Toxicol. 16 (2020) 1207-1215. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425255.2020.1825682.
DOI Google Scholar
[115]

A.S. Metlakunta, R.J. Soman, Safety evaluation of Bacillus coagulans SNZ 1969 in Wistar rats, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 110 (2020) 104538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104538.
DOI Google Scholar
[116]

J.R. Endres, I. Qureshi, T. Farber, et al., One-year chronic oral toxicity with combined reproduction toxicity study of a novel probiotic, Bacillus coagulans, as a food ingredient, Food Chem. Toxicol. 49 (2011) 1174-1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.02.012.
DOI Google Scholar
[117]

L. Orru, E. Salvetti, L. Cattivelli, et al., Draft genome sequence of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30,6086, a widely used spore-forming probiotic strain, Genome Announc. 2 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.01080-14.
DOI Google Scholar
[118]

S. Soldi, S.C. Tagliacarne, C. Valsecchi, et al., Effect of a multistrain probiotic (Lactoflorene((R)) Plus) on inflammatory parameters and microbiota composition in subjects with stress-related symptoms, Neurobiol. Stress 10 (2019) 100138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.11.001.
DOI Google Scholar
[119]

A. Upadrasta, S. Pitta, R.S. Madempudi, Draft genome sequence of the spore-forming probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2, Genome Announc. 4 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00225-16.
DOI Google Scholar
[120]

M. Majeed, K. Nagabhushanam, S. Natarajan, et al., Evaluation of genetic and phenotypic consistency of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856: a commercial probiotic strain, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 32 (2016) 60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2027-2.
DOI Google Scholar
[121]

R. Urgesi, C. Casale, R. Pistelli, et al., A randomized double-blind placebocontrolled clinical trial on efficacy and safety of association of simethicone and Bacillus coagulans (Colinox(R)) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 18 (2014) 1344-1353.
Google Scholar
[122]

J. Zhang, J. Guo, D. Li, et al., The efficacy and safety of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus coagulans in Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment: An open-label, single-arm pilot study, Medicine (Baltimore) 99(2020) e22976. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000022976.
DOI Google Scholar
[123]

L.I. Ouoba, B. Diawara, N.T. Annan, et al., Volatile compounds of Soumbala, a fermented African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) food condiment, J. Appl. Microbiol. 99 (2005) 1413-1421. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02722.x.
DOI Google Scholar
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 25 July 2022
Revised: 26 August 2022
Accepted: 22 September 2022
Published: 01 June 2023
Issue date: January 2024

Copyright

© 2024 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Tsinghua University Press.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172172, 32201994) and the Foreign Expert Collaboration Project (G2021108010L).

Rights and permissions

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Return