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Survey

Overcoming Spatial Constraints in VR: A Survey of Redirected Walking Techniques

Academy of Arts and Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
College of Computer Technology and Application, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
Zhili College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
School of Computer, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

†Equally Contributed (Jia-Hong Liu wrote the section on the evaluation of redirected walking methods. Yang-Fu Ren wrote the section on detection thresholds of redirection gains. Both Jia-Hong Liu and Yang-Fu Ren jointly contributed to the overall revision of the paper.)

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Abstract

As the virtual reality (VR) technology strives to provide immersive and natural user experiences, the challenge of aligning vast virtual environments with limited physical spaces remains significant. This survey comprehensively explores the advancements in redirected walking (RDW) techniques aimed at overcoming spatial constraints in VR. RDW addresses this by subtly manipulating users’ physical movements to allow for seamless navigation within constrained areas. The survey delves into gain perception mechanisms, detailing how slight discrepancies between virtual and real-world movements can be utilized without user awareness, thus extending the effective navigable space. Various RDW control algorithms for gain-based RDW are analyzed, highlighting their implementation and effectiveness in maintaining immersion and minimizing perceptual disturbances. Furthermore, novel methods extending beyond traditional gain-based techniques are discussed, showcasing innovative approaches that further refine VR interactions. The practical implications of RDW in enhancing safety and reducing physical collisions in VR environments are underscored, alongside its potential to improve user experience by aligning virtual exploration more closely with natural human behavior patterns. Through a thorough review of existing literature and recent advancements, this survey provides a systematic understanding for researchers, developers, and industry professionals. It underscores the importance of RDW in the future of VR, emphasizing RDW's role in making VR more accessible and practical across various applications, from education and training to therapy and entertainment. The paper concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the continued evolution and potential of RDW in revolutionizing virtual reality experiences.

Keywords

virtual reality (VR)redirected walking (RDW)redirection gainperception

Electronic Supplementary Material

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Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Volume 39 Issue 4,
August 2024
Pages 841-870
DOI: 10.1007/s11390-024-4585-3
Cite this article:
Liu J-H, Ren Y-F, Gan QW, et al. Overcoming Spatial Constraints in VR: A Survey of Redirected Walking Techniques. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2024, 39(4): 841-870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-024-4585-3

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Received: 03 July 2024
Accepted: 27 July 2024
Published: 20 September 2024
© Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2024
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