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Research Article

Method for achieving hydraulic balance in typical Chinese building heating systems by managing differential pressure and flow

Lipeng Zhang1,2( ), Jianjun Xia3, Jan Eric Thorsen4, Oddgeir Gudmundsson4, Hongwei Li1, Svend Svendsen1
Technical University of Denmark, Civil Engineering Department, Brogvej Building 118, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
Danfoss Automatic Controls Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. F20, Building A, No.2A Gong Ti Bei Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing100027, China
Tsinghua University, Building Energy Research Center, School of Architecture, Beijing 100084 China
Danfoss A/S, Heating segment, Application Center, Nordborgvej 81, Nordborg, 6430, Denmark
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Abstract

Hydraulic unbalance is a common problem in Chinese district heating (DH) systems. Hydraulic unbalance has resulted in poor flow distribution among heating branches and overheating of apartments. Studies show that nearly 30% of the total heat supply is being wasted in Chinese DH systems due to a lack of pressure and flow control. This study investigated using pre-set radiator valves combined with differential pressure (DP) controllers to achieve hydraulic balance in building distribution systems, and consequently save energy and reduce the emissions. We considered a multi-storey building modelled in the IDA-ICE software, along with a self-developed mathematical hydraulic model to simulate its heat performance and hydraulic performance with various control scenarios. In contrast to the situation with no pressure or flow control, this solution achieves the required flow distribution and close-to-design room temperatures, as well as 16% heat savings, 74% pump electricity savings, and proper cooling of supply water. The energy consumption savings would therefore have positive environmental impacts, and be reflected in seasonal reductions of 2.1 kg/m2 CO2, 0.02 kg/m2 SO2, and 0.01 kg/m2 NOx for 3rd step energy efficiency buildings in Beijing.

Keywords

district heatinghydraulic balancedifferential pressure controllerpre-set radiator valvepressure and flow controlIDA-ICE

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Building Simulation
Volume 10 Issue 1,
February 2017
Pages 51-63
DOI: 10.1007/s12273-016-0307-2
Cite this article:
Zhang L, Xia J, Thorsen JE, et al. Method for achieving hydraulic balance in typical Chinese building heating systems by managing differential pressure and flow. Building Simulation, 2017, 10(1): 51-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-016-0307-2

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Received: 23 February 2016
Revised: 27 June 2016
Accepted: 29 June 2016
Published: 22 July 2016
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
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