AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Building Simulation Article
Article Link
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article

Fluid dynamic and thermal comfort analysis in an actual operating room with unidirectional airflow system

Nicola Massarotti1, Alessandro Mauro1( ), Salahudeen Mohamed1, Andrzej J. Nowak2, Domenico Sainas1
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy
Institute of Thermal Technology, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Show Author Information

Abstract

Air velocity and temperature distributions inside operating rooms (ORs) play a crucial role to reduce the risk of infections and to ensure adequate comfort conditions for patient and medical staff. In this work, the authors have developed a three-dimensional thermo-fluid dynamic model to simulate airflow and thermal comfort in an actual OR equipped with High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters. The model takes into account the presence of surgical lights, people and equipment within the room. An experimental campaign is carried out inside the actual OR to measure velocity and temperature, to be employed as boundary conditions for the numerical model. The experimental data have also been used to validate the numerical results. The validated model has been used to analyze the effects of human shape, thermal boundary conditions and buoyancy forces on the main thermal and fluid dynamic quantities in the OR. The thermal comfort is evaluated based on Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) indices. The results prove that the present experimental-numerical approach is useful to analyze and improve the thermal comfort conditions for medical staff and patient.

Keywords

validationthermal comfortoperating roomheat and mass transferLAF systemhuman body

References

 
Ahl T, Dalen N, Jörbeck H, Hobom J (1995). Air contamination during hip and knee arthroplasties: Horizontal laminar flow randomized vs. conventional ventilation. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 66: 17-20.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Al-Waked R (2010). Effect of ventilation strategies on infection control inside operating theatres. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 4: 1-16.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
ASHRAE (2017). ANSI/ASHRAE/Standard-170, Ventilation of HEALTHCARE Facilities. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
 
Arpino F, Massarotti N, Mauro A, Vanoli L (2011). Metrological analysis of the measurement system for a micro-cogenerative SOFC module. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36: 10228-10234.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Arpino F, Dell’Isola M, Maugeri D, Massarotti N, Mauro A (2013). A new model for the analysis of operating conditions of micro-cogenerative SOFC units. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38: 336-344.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Arpino F, Cortellessa G, Mauro A (2015). Transient thermal analysis of natural convection in porous and partially porous cavities. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 67: 605-631.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Arpino F, Carotenuto A, Ciccolella M, Cortellessa G, Massarotti N, et al. (2016). Transient natural convection in partially porous vertical annuli. International Journal of Heat and Technology, 34: S512-S518.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
ASME (2009). Standard for Verification and Validation in Computational Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
 
Balocco C, Petrone G, Cammarata G, Vitali P, Albertini R, Pasquarella C (2014). Indoor air quality in a real operating theatre under effective use conditions. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 7: 866-883.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Balocco C, Petrone G, Cammarata G, Vitali P, Albertini R, et al. (2015). Experimental and numerical investigation on airflow and climate in a real operating theatre under effective use conditions. International Journal of Ventilation, 13: 351-368.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Brohus H, Hylding M, Kamper S, Vachek U (2008). Infuence of disturbance on bacteria level in an operating room. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark.
 
Chow TT, Yang X (2003). Performance of ventilation system in a non-standard operating room. Building and Environment, 38: 1401-1411.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Chow T, Yang X (2004). Ventilation performance in operating theatres against airborne infection: review of research activities and practical guidance. Journal of Hospital Infection, 56: 85-92.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Chow TT, Lin Z, Bai W (2006). The integrated effect of medical lamp position and diffuser discharge velocity on ultra-clean ventilation performance in an operating theatre. Indoor and Built Environment, 15: 315-331.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Clark RP, Toy N (1975). Natural convection around the human head. The Journal of Physiology, 244: 283-293.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Diao C, Zhu L, Wang H (2003). Cooling and rewarming for brain ischemia or injury: theoretical analysis. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 31: 346-353.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
DIN-1946-4 (2016). Ventilation and air conditioning—Part 4: Ventilation in buildings and rooms of health care. DIN Standards Committee Heating and Ventilation Technology and their Safety.
 
Fiala D, Lomas KJ, Stohrer M (1999). A computer model of human thermoregulation for a wide range of environmental conditions: the passive system. Journal of Applied Physiology, 87:1957-1972.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Fojtlín M, Psikuta A, Toma R, Fišer J, Jícha M (2018). Determination of car seat contact area for personalised thermal sensation modelling. PLoS ONE, 13(12): e0208599.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Friberg B, Friberg S (2005). Aerobiology in the operating room and its implications for working standards. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 219: 153-160.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Ginalski MK, Nowak AJ, Wrobel LC (2007). A combined study of heat and mass transfer in an infant incubator with an overhead screen. Medical Engineering & Physics, 29: 531-541.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Gordon RG, Roemer RB, Horvath SM (1976). A mathematical model of the human temperature regulatory system—transient cold exposure response. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, BME-23: 434-444.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Ho SH, Rosario L, Rahman MM (2009). Three-dimensional analysis for hospital operating room thermal comfort and contaminant removal. Applied Thermal Engineering, 29: 2080-2092.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
ISO14644-1 (2015). Cleanrooms and associated controlled environements—Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness by particle concentration.
 
ISO14644-2 (2015). Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments—Part 2: Monitoring to provide evidence of cleanroom performance related to air cleanliness by particle concentration.
 
ISO-7730 (2006). Ergonomics of the thermal environment—Analytical determination and interpetration of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria.
 
Jeter SM, Stevenson TC (2013). Comparison of CFD simulation of hospital operating room air distribution with experimental PIV results. ASHRAE Transactions, 119: 63-74.
Google Scholar
 
Kameel R, Khalil E (2003). Simulation of flow, heat transfer and relative humidity characteristics in air-conditioned surgical operating theatres. In: Proceedings of 41st Aerospace Science Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, USA.
Crossref
 
Knobben BAS, van Horn JR, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ (2006). Evaluation of measures to decrease intra-operative bacterial contamination in orthopaedic implant surgery. Journal of Hospital Infection, 62: 174-180.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Laszczyk JE, Nowak AJ (2016). Computational modelling of neonate’s brain cooling. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 26: 571-590.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Lewis HE, Foster AR, Mullan BJ, Cox RN, Clark RP (1969). Aerodynamics of the human microenvironment. The Lancet, 293: 1273-1277.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Liu J, Wang H, Wen W (2009). Numerical simulation on a horizontal airflow for airborne particles control in hospital operating room. Building and Environment, 44: 2284-2289.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Loomans M, van Houdt W, Lemaire AD, Hensen JKN (2008). Performance assessment of an operating theatre design using CFD simulation and tracer gas measurements. Indoor and Built Environment, 17: 299-312.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Massarotti N, Ciccolella M, Cortellessa G, Mauro A (2016). New benchmark solutions for transient natural convection in partially porous annuli. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 26: 1187-1225.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Massarotti N, Mauro A, Sainas D, Marinetti S, Rossetti A (2019). A novel procedure for validation of flow simulations in operating theaters. Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 25: 629-642.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
McNeill J, Zhai ZJ, Hertzberg J (2012). Field measurements of thermal conditions during surgical procedures for the development of CFD boundary conditions. ASHRAE Transactions, 118: 596-609.
Google Scholar
 
McNeill J, Hertzberg J, Zhai Z (2013). Experimental investigation of operating room air distribution in a full-scale laboratory chamber using particle image velocimetry and flow visualization. Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization, 1: 24-32.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Memarzadeh F, Manning A (2002). Comparison of operating room ventilation systems in the protection of the surgical site, ASHRAE Transaction, 108: 3-15.
Google Scholar
 
Méndez C, San José JF, Villafruela JM, Castro F (2008). Optimization of a hospital room by means of CFD for more efficient ventilation. Energy and Buildings, 40: 849-854.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Mitchell D, Wyndham CH, Vermeulen AJ, Hodgson T, Atkins AR, et al. (1969). Radiant and convective heat transfer of nude men in dry air. Journal of Applied Physiology, 26: 111-118.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Najjaran A (2012). Determining natural convection heat transfer coefficient of human body. Transaction of Control and Mechanical Systems, 1: 362-369.
Google Scholar
 
Nithiarasu P, Liu C-B, Massarotti N (2007). Laminar and turbulent flow calculations through a model human upper airway using unstructured meshes. Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, 23: 1057-1069.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Nobile M, Navone P, Orzella A, Colciago R, Auxilia F, Calori G (2015). Developing a model for analysis the extra costs associated with surgical site infections (SSIs): an orthopaedic and traumatological study run by the Gaetano Pini Orthopaedic Institute. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 4: P68.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Ostrowski Z, Rojczyk M, Szczygieł I, Łaszczyk J, Nowak AJ (2016). Dry heat loses of newborn baby in infant care bed: use of a thermal manikin. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 745: 032087.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Ostrowski Z, Rojczyk M (2018). Natural convection heat transfer coefficient for newborn baby. Heat and Mass Transfer, 54: 2395-2403.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Pourshaghaghy A, Omidvari M (2012). Examination of thermal comfort in a hospital using PMV-PPD model. Applied Ergonomics, 43: 1089-1095.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Romano F, Marocco L, Gustén J, Joppolo CM (2015). Numerical and experimental analysis of airborne particles control in an operating theater. Building and Environment, 89: 369-379.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Sadrizadeh S, Tammelin A, Ekolind P, Holmberg S (2014). Influence of staff number and internal constellation on surgical site infection in an operating room. Particuology, 13: 42-51.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Sadrizadeh S, Pantelic J, Sherman M, Clark J, Abouali O (2018). Airborne particle dispersion to an operating room environment during sliding and hinged door opening. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 11: 631-635.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Shih T-H, Liou WW, Shabbir A, Yang Z, Zhu J (1995). A new k-ε eddy viscosity model for high Reynolds number turbulent flows. Computational Fluids, 24: 227-238.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Topp C, Nielsen PV, Sørensen DN (2002). Application of computer simulated persons in indoor environmental modeling. ASHRAE Transactions, 108(2): 1084-1089.
Google Scholar
 
Topp C, Hesselholt P, Trier MR, Nielsen PV (2003). Influence of geometry of thermal manikins on room airflow. In: Proceedings of Healthy Buildings.
 
van Gaever R, Jacobs VA, Diltoer M, Peeters L, Vanlanduit S (2014). Thermal comfort of the surgical staff in the operating room. Building and Environment, 81: 37-41.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
van Leeuwen GMJ, Hand JW, Lagendijk JJW, Azzopardi DV, Edwards AD (2000). Numerical modeling of temperature distributions within the neonatal head. Pediatric Research, 48: 351-356.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Verheyen J, Theys N, Allonsius L, Descamps F (2011). Thermal comfort of patients: Objective and subjective measurements in patient rooms of a Belgian healthcare facility. Building and Environment, 46: 1195-1204.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Wilkins CK, McGaffin N (1994). Measuring computer equipment loads in office buildings. ASHRAE Journal, 36(8): 21-24.
Google Scholar
 
Zoon WAC, van der Heijden MGM, Loomans MGLC, Hensen JLM (2010). On the applicability of the laminar flow index when selecting surgical lighting. Building and Environment, 45: 1976-1983.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Zoon WAC, Loomans MGLC, Hensen JLM (2011). Testing the effectiveness of operating room ventilation with regard to removal of airborne bacteria. Building and Environment, 46: 2570-2577.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Zukowska D, Melikov A, Popiolek Z (2007). Thermal plume above a simulated sitting person with different complexity of body geometry. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms (Roomvent 2007), Helsinki, Finland.
Building Simulation
Volume 14 Issue 4,
August 2021
Pages 1127-1146
DOI: 10.1007/s12273-020-0713-3
Cite this article:
Massarotti N, Mauro A, Mohamed S, et al. Fluid dynamic and thermal comfort analysis in an actual operating room with unidirectional airflow system. Building Simulation, 2021, 14(4): 1127-1146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-020-0713-3

661

Views

13

Crossref

N/A

Web of Science

15

Scopus

2

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 18 May 2020
Accepted: 17 August 2020
Published: 21 October 2020
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Return