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Research Article

Evaluating the energy impact potential of energy efficiency measures for retrofit applications: A case study with U.S. medium office buildings

Yunyang Ye1, Kathryn Hinkelman2, Yingli Lou2, Wangda Zuo2,3( ), Gang Wang4, Jian Zhang1
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
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Abstract

Quantifying the energy savings of various energy efficiency measures (EEMs) for an energy retrofit project often necessitates an energy audit and detailed whole building energy modeling to evaluate the EEMs; however, this is often cost-prohibitive for small and medium buildings. In order to provide a defined guideline for projects with assumed common baseline characteristics, this paper applies a sensitivity analysis method to evaluate the impact of individual EEMs and groups these into packages to produce deep energy savings for a sample prototype medium office building across 15 climate zones in the United States. We start with one baseline model for each climate zone and nine candidate EEMs with a range of efficiency levels for each EEM. Three energy performance indicators (EPIs) are defined, which are annual electricity use intensity, annual natural gas use intensity, and annual energy cost. Then, a Standard Regression Coefficient (SRC) sensitivity analysis method is applied to determine the sensitivity of each EEM with respect to the three EPIs, and the relative sensitivity of all EEMs are calculated to evaluate their energy impacts. For the selected range of efficiency levels, the results indicate that the EEMs with higher energy impacts (i.e., higher sensitivity) in most climate zones are high-performance windows, reduced interior lighting power, and reduced interior plug and process loads. However, the sensitivity of the EEMs also vary by climate zone and EPI; for example, improved opaque envelope insulation and efficiency of cooling and heating systems are found to have a high energy impact in cold and hot climates.

Keywords

energy impact evaluationenergy efficiency measuremedium officeenergy retrofit

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Building Simulation
Volume 14 Issue 5,
October 2021
Pages 1377-1393
DOI: 10.1007/s12273-021-0765-z
Cite this article:
Ye Y, Hinkelman K, Lou Y, et al. Evaluating the energy impact potential of energy efficiency measures for retrofit applications: A case study with U.S. medium office buildings. Building Simulation, 2021, 14(5): 1377-1393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-021-0765-z

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Received: 02 August 2020
Accepted: 04 January 2021
Published: 01 March 2021
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
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