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Research Article

A real-time forecast of tunnel fire based on numerical database and artificial intelligence

Xiqiang Wu1,2, Xiaoning Zhang1, Xinyan Huang1( ), Fu Xiao1, Asif Usmani1,2
Department of Building Services Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract

The extreme temperature induced by fire and hot toxic smokes in tunnels threaten the trapped personnel and firefighters. To alleviate the potential casualties, fast while reasonable decisions should be made for rescuing, based on the timely prediction of fire development in tunnels. This paper targets to achieve a real-time prediction (within 1 s) of the spatial-temporal temperature distribution inside the numerical tunnel model by using artificial intelligence (AI) methods. A CFD database of 100 simulated tunnel fire scenarios under various fire location, fire size, and ventilation condition is established. The proposed AI model combines a Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) model and a Transpose Convolution Neural Network (TCNN). The real-time ceiling temperature profile and thousands of temperature-field images are used as the training input and output. Results show that the predicted temperature field 60 s in advance achieves a high accuracy of around 97%. Also, the AI model can quickly identify the critical temperature field for safe evacuation (i.e., a critical event) and guide emergency responses and firefighting activities. This study demonstrates the promising prospects of AI-based fire forecasts and smart firefighting in tunnel spaces.

Keywords

deep learningCFDtunnel firessmart firefightingcritical eventLSTM/TCNN

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Building Simulation
Volume 15 Issue 4,
April 2022
Pages 511-524
DOI: 10.1007/s12273-021-0775-x
Cite this article:
Wu X, Zhang X, Huang X, et al. A real-time forecast of tunnel fire based on numerical database and artificial intelligence. Building Simulation, 2022, 15(4): 511-524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-021-0775-x

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Received: 24 October 2020
Revised: 02 January 2021
Accepted: 27 January 2021
Published: 09 March 2021
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
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