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Review Article

Review on occupancy detection and prediction in building simulation

Yan Ding1, Shuxue Han1, Zhe Tian1( ), Jian Yao2, Wanyue Chen1, Qiang Zhang1
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Built Environment and Energy Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
Department of Architecture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Abstract

Energy simulation results for buildings have significantly deviated from actual consumption because of the uncertainty and randomness of occupant behavior. Such differences are mainly caused by the inaccurate estimation of occupancy in buildings. Therefore, the error between reality and prediction could be largely reduced by improving the accuracy level of occupancy prediction. Although various studies on occupancy have been conducted, there are still many differences in the approaches to detection, prediction, and validation. Reports published within this domain are reviewed in this article to discover the advantages and limitations of previous studies, and gaps in the research are identified for future investigation. Six methods of monitoring and their combinations are analyzed to provide effective guidance in choosing and applying a method. The advantages of deterministic schedules, stochastic schedules, and machine-learning methods for occupancy prediction are summarized and discussed to improve prediction accuracy in future work. Moreover, three applications of occupancy models—improving building simulation software, facilitating building operation control, and managing building energy use—are examined. This review provides theoretical guidance for building design and makes contributions to building energy conservation and thermal comfort through the implementation of intelligent control strategies based on occupancy monitoring and prediction.

Keywords

occupancy predictionoccupancy modeloccupancy rate monitoringoccupancy verification

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Building Simulation
Volume 15 Issue 3,
March 2022
Pages 333-356
DOI: 10.1007/s12273-021-0813-8
Cite this article:
Ding Y, Han S, Tian Z, et al. Review on occupancy detection and prediction in building simulation. Building Simulation, 2022, 15(3): 333-356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-021-0813-8

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Received: 10 January 2021
Revised: 09 May 2021
Accepted: 13 May 2021
Published: 04 August 2021
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
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