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Research Article

On the effects of urban-like intersections on ventilation and pollutant dispersion

Xin Guo1, Riccardo Buccolieri2, Zhi Gao1( ), Mingjie Zhang1, Tong Lyu1, Liyan Rui1,3, Jialei Shen1,4
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Laboratory of Micrometeorology, University of Salento, S.P. 6 Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
Department of Green Building and Low-Carbon Development, Shanghai Research Institute of Building Sciences, 568 Shenfu Road, Shanghai 201108, China
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Abstract

Focusing on the effect of street morphology on the ventilation efficiency, this paper presents 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of airflow and pollutant dispersion within urban-like three-way intersections, four-way intersections and roundabouts. The steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) k–ε turbulence model is adopted and eight directions of the approaching wind are considered. The ventilation efficiency is evaluated using the ventilation indices purging flow rate (PFR) and the net escape velocity (NEV). Results show the sensitivity of the ventilation efficiency to the type of intersection, to the wind direction and to the number of branches. Specifically, the ventilation efficiency of the investigated three-way intersections is found to be better than that of the other intersections, especially when the angle between the streets is large, while that of roundabouts is also considerable, even with a similar average wind velocity, among the cases evaluated in this paper. Further, the influence of the wind direction for the three-way and four-way intersections is greater than that on roundabouts. Studies on the ventilation efficiency at urban intersections are not common in the literature and this work may help urban planners to better design such hub nodes of urban traffic, where traffic-related pollutants are not easily dispersed, thus avoiding harm to the health of pedestrians and surrounding residents.

Keywords

CFD simulationsventilation efficiencyurban-like intersectionstraffic-related pollutants

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Building Simulation
Volume 15 Issue 3,
March 2022
Pages 419-433
DOI: 10.1007/s12273-021-0816-5
Cite this article:
Guo X, Buccolieri R, Gao Z, et al. On the effects of urban-like intersections on ventilation and pollutant dispersion. Building Simulation, 2022, 15(3): 419-433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-021-0816-5

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Received: 09 October 2020
Revised: 24 May 2021
Accepted: 21 June 2021
Published: 05 August 2021
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
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