AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Article Link
Collect
Submit Manuscript
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article

Characteristics of outdoor pollutants intrusion and ventilation control in sentry buildings with normal openings

Linfeng Liang1Haiguo Yin1,2,3( )Da Zhang1Yuekun Han1Yanyan Li1Jingying Zhang1Yongshou Zhang2,3Zhenjun Ma4Angui Li1
School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
Qinghai Building and Materials Research Co., Ltd, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Green Building and Eco-community, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
Sustainable Buildings Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
Show Author Information

Abstract

Sentry buildings have windows that are often open to facilitate communication between personnel. It also provides the possibility for the intrusion of pollutants such as vehicle exhaust emissions. To prevent the intrusion of outdoor pollutants and create an excellent indoor environment, internal circulation with double-attached ventilation (IC-DAV) and external circulation with double-attached ventilation (EC-DAV) are proposed for such buildings, and the isolation effect of two attached ventilation modes on pollutants is compared with that of natural ventilation. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to simulate the transportation process and indoor distribution of outdoor pollutants intruding into sentry buildings from the regular openings under different outdoor wind directions, wind velocities, and states of the doors and ventilation modes. The results indicate that the leeward airflow of the three wind directions caused the largest pollutants to invade the room. The amount of pollutants intrusion increased with increasing wind velocity. When the leeward airflow and the windward airflow blow through the building, opening the door increased the amount of pollutants intruding into the room by 3.34 times and 8.85 times, respectively, compared with closing the door. However, the IC-DAV can isolate 81.7% of the pollutants while the EC-DAV can isolate 99.92% of the pollutants as compared with natural ventilation. Applying double attached ventilation mode in buildings can effectively prevent the intrusion of outdoor pollutants into the room, reduce the harm of outdoor pollutants to the health of indoor personnel, and provide a new idea for buildings to improve the indoor air quality.

References

 

Ai ZT, Mak CM (2014). A study of interunit dispersion around multistory buildings with single-sided ventilation under different wind directions. Atmospheric Environment, 88: 1–13.

 

Bairagi AK, Dalui SK (2021). Wind environment around the setback building models. Building Simulation, 14: 1525–1541.

 

Blocken B (2018). LES over RANS in building simulation for outdoor and indoor applications: A foregone conclusion? Building Simulation, 11: 821–870.

 

Chavez M, Hajra B, Stathopoulos T, et al. (2011). Near-field pollutant dispersion in the built environment by CFD and wind tunnel simulations. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 99: 330–339.

 

Chen T, Cao S, Wang J, et al. (2021). Influences of the optimized air curtain at subway entrance to reduce the ingress of outdoor airborne particles. Energy and Buildings, 244: 111028.

 

Dai Y, Mak CM, Ai Z, et al. (2018). Evaluation of computational and physical parameters influencing CFD simulations of pollutant dispersion in building arrays. Building and Environment, 137: 90–107.

 

Dai Y, Mak CM, Ai Z (2019). Flow and dispersion in coupled outdoor and indoor environments: Issue of Reynolds number independence. Building and Environment, 150: 119–134.

 

Fruin S, Westerdahl D, Sax T, et al. (2008). Measurements and predictors of on-road ultrafine particle concentrations and associated pollutants in Los Angeles. Atmospheric Environment, 42: 207–219.

 

Gao Y, Chow WK (2005). Numerical studies on air flow around a cube. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 93: 115–135.

 

Gao CF, Lee WL (2011). Evaluating the influence of openings configuration on natural ventilation performance of residential units in Hong Kong. Building and Environment, 46: 961–969.

 

Gonçalves JC, Costa JJ, Lopes AMG (2019). Parametric study on the performance of an air curtain based on CFD simulations - New proposal for automatic operation. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 193: 103951.

 

Gousseau P, Blocken B, Stathopoulos T, et al. (2011). CFD simulation of near-field pollutant dispersion on a high-resolution grid: A case study by LES and RANS for a building group in downtown Montreal. Atmospheric Environment, 45: 428–438.

 

Gromke C, Buccolieri R, di Sabatino S, et al. (2008). Dispersion study in a street canyon with tree planting by means of wind tunnel and numerical investigations—Evaluation of CFD data with experimental data. Atmospheric Environment, 42: 8640–8650.

 

Hanna S, Tehranian S, Carissimo B, et al. (2002). Comparisons of model simulations with observations of mean flow and turbulence within simple obstacle arrays. Atmospheric Environment, 36: 5067–5079.

 

Hassan S, Molla MM, Nag P, et al. (2022). Unsteady RANS simulation of wind flow around a building shape obstacle. Building Simulation, 15: 291–312.

 

Ikegaya N, Hasegawa S, Hagishima A (2019). Time-resolved particle image velocimetry for cross-ventilation flow of generic block sheltered by urban-like block arrays. Building and Environment, 147: 132–145.

 

Jiang Y, Alexander D, Jenkins H, et al. (2003). Natural ventilation in buildings: measurement in a wind tunnel and numerical simulation with large-eddy simulation. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 91: 331–353.

 

Jiang Z, Cheng H, Zhang P, et al. (2021). Influence of urban morphological parameters on the distribution and diffusion of air pollutants: A case study in China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 105: 163–172.

 

Jin R, Hang J, Liu S, et al. (2016). Numerical investigation of wind-driven natural ventilation performance in a multi-storey hospital by coupling indoor and outdoor airflow. Indoor and Built Environment, 25: 1226–1247.

 

Kobayashi T, Sandberg M, Kotani H, et al. (2010). Experimental investigation and CFD analysis of cross-ventilated flow through single room detached house model. Building and Environment, 45: 2723–2734.

 

Kritsanawonghong S, Gao W, Iamtrakul P, et al. (2014). Evaluation of green building technology by introducing micro Co-generation system in convenience stores. Advanced Materials Research, 935: 57–60.

 
Launder BE, Spalding DB (1983). The numerical computation of turbulent flows. In: Patankar SV, Pollard A, Singhal AK, et al. (eds), Numerical Prediction of Flow, Heat Transfer, Turbulence and Combustion. New York: Pergamon Press. pp. 96–116.
 

Li A, Yin H, Zhang W (2012). A novel air distribution method—Principles of air curtain ventilation. International Journal of Ventilation, 10: 383–390.

 

Li F, Lee ES, Zhou B, et al. (2017). Effects of the window openings on the micro-environmental condition in a school bus. Atmospheric Environment, 167: 434–443.

 

Li A (2019). Extended Coanda Effect and attachment ventilation. Indoor and Built Environment, 28: 437–442.

 

Li Y, Chen L (2020). Study on the influence of voids on high-rise building on the wind environment. Building Simulation, 13: 419–438.

 

Li Z, Shi T, Wu Y, et al. (2020). Effect of traffic tidal flow on pollutant dispersion in various street canyons and corresponding mitigation strategies. Energy and Built Environment, 1: 242–253.

 

Li J, Li A, Hou Y, et al. (2021). Air distribution and thermal environment optimization on subway platform using an innovative attached ventilation mode. Building and Environment, 204: 108226.

 

Lin Z, Chow TT, Tsang CF, et al. (2009). Stratum ventilation—A potential solution to elevated indoor temperatures. Building and Environment, 44: 2256–2269.

 

Liu C-H, Leung DYC, Barth MC (2005). On the prediction of air and pollutant exchange rates in street canyons of different aspect ratios using large-eddy simulation. Atmospheric Environment, 39: 1567–1574.

 

Liu J, Niu J (2019). Delayed detached eddy simulation of pedestrian-level wind around a building array—The potential to save computing resources. Building and Environment, 152: 28–38.

 

Liu S, Cao Q, Zhao X, et al. (2020). Improving indoor air quality and thermal comfort in residential kitchens with a new ventilation system. Building and Environment, 180: 107016.

 

Luo Z, Wang Z, Wang H, et al. (2021). Characterizing spatiotemporal distributions of black carbon and PM2.5 at a toll station: Observations on manual and electronic toll collection lanes. Building and Environment, 199: 107933.

 

Park DY, Chang S (2019). Numerical investigation of thermal comfort and transport of expiratory contaminants in a ventilated office with an air curtain system. Indoor and Built Environment, 28: 401–421.

 

Ramponi R, Blocken B (2012). CFD simulation of cross-ventilation for a generic isolated building: Impact of computational parameters. Building and Environment, 53: 34–48.

 

Safarzadeh M, Heidarinejad G, Pasdarshahri H (2021). Air curtain to control smoke and fire spread in a ventilated multi-floor building. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 159: 106612.

 

Santiago JL, Martilli A, Martín F (2007). CFD simulation of airflow over a regular array of cubes. Part Ⅰ: Three-dimensional simulation of the flow and validation with wind-tunnel measurements. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 122: 609–634.

 

Sapkota A, Williams D, Buckley TJ (2005). Tollbooth workers and mobile source-related hazardous air pollutants: how protective is the indoor environment? Environmental Science and Technology, 39: 2936–2943.

 

Shih Y-C, Yang A-S, Lu C-W (2011). Using air curtain to control pollutant spreading for emergency management in a cleanroom. Building and Environment, 46: 1104–1114.

 

Shu C, Wang LL, Zhang C, et al. (2020). Air curtain effectiveness rating based on aerodynamics. Building and Environment, 169: 106582.

 

Snyder WH (1972). Similarity criteria for the application of fluid models to the study of air pollution meteorology. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 3: 113–134.

 

Tian L, Lin Z, Wang Q, et al. (2009). Numerical investigation of indoor aerosol particle dispersion under stratum ventilation and under displacement ventilation. Indoor and Built Environment, 18: 360–375.

 

Tian L, Lin Z, Wang Q (2010). Comparison of gaseous contaminant diffusion under stratum ventilation and under displacement ventilation. Building and Environment, 45: 2035–2046.

 

Tominaga Y, Stathopoulos T (2018). CFD simulations of near-field pollutant dispersion with different plume buoyancies. Building and Environment, 131: 128–139.

 

Tsai P-J, Shih T-S, Chen H-L, et al. (2004). Assessing and predicting the exposures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their carcinogenic potencies from vehicle engine exhausts to highway toll station workers. Atmospheric Environment, 38: 333–343.

 

van der Kolk NJ, Akkerman I, Keuning JA, et al. (2020). Part 2: Simulation methodology and numerical uncertainty for RANS-CFD for the hydrodynamics of wind-assisted ships operating at leeway angles. Ocean Engineering, 201: 107024.

 

van Hooff T, Blocken B (2013). CFD evaluation of natural ventilation of indoor environments by the concentration decay method: CO2 gas dispersion from a semi-enclosed stadium. Building and Environment, 61: 1–17.

 

Wallace L, Ott W (2011). Personal exposure to ultrafine particles. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 21: 20–30.

 

Wang Y, Jiang Z, Chen J, et al. (2019). Study of high-pressure air curtain and combined dedusting of gas water spray in multilevel ore pass based on CFD-DEM. Advanced Powder Technology, 30: 1789–1804.

 

Weichenthal S, Kulka R, Dubeau A, et al. (2011). Traffic-related air pollution and acute changes in heart rate variability and respiratory function in urban cyclists. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119: 1373–1378.

 

Wyon DP (2004). The effects of indoor air quality on performance and productivity. Indoor Air, 14: 92–101.

 

Yang H, Qi C, Liu L, et al. (2010). Experimental study on indoor environment improvement in toll booth by personalized ventilation technology. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition). 26: 307–310.

 

Yang S, Alrawashdeh H, Zhang C, et al. (2019). Wind effects on air curtain performance at building entrances. Building and Environment, 151: 75–87.

 

Yang X, Zhang Y, Hang J, et al. (2020). Integrated assessment of indoor and outdoor ventilation in street canyons with naturally-ventilated buildings by various ventilation indexes. Building and Environment, 169: 106528.

 

Yin H, Li A, Liu Z, et al. (2016). Experimental study on airflow characteristics of a square column attached ventilation mode. Building and Environment, 109: 112–120.

 

Yin H, Li Y, Deng X, et al. (2020). Performance evaluation of three attached ventilation scenarios for tiny sleeping spaces. Building and Environment, 186: 107363.

 

Yin H, Ji D, Wang Y, et al. (2022). Numerical study of particle spatial distribution under column attachment ventilation. Journal of Building Engineering, 53: 104599.

 

Yuan C, Ng E, Norford LK (2014). Improving air quality in high-density cities by understanding the relationship between air pollutant dispersion and urban morphologies. Building and Environment, 71: 245–258.

 

Zhai ZJ, Osborne AL (2013). Simulation-based feasibility study of improved air conditioning systems for hospital operating room. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2: 468–475.

 

Zhao B, Yang C, Yang X, et al. (2008). Particle dispersion and deposition in ventilated rooms: Testing and evaluation of different Eulerian and Lagrangian models. Building and Environment, 43: 388–397.

 

Zhao F, Shen G, Liu K, et al. (2018). Room airborne pollutant separation by the use of air curtains in the large building enclosure: Infiltration efficiency and partial enclosure ventilation rate. Journal of Building Engineering, 18: 386–394.

 

Zhong X, Ridley IA (2020). Verification of behavioural models of window opening: the accuracy of window-use pattern, indoor temperature and indoor PM2.5 concentration prediction. Building Simulation, 13: 527–542.

 

Zhong H, Lin C, Shang J, et al. (2022). Wind tunnel experiments on pumping ventilation through a three-story reduce-scaled building with two openings affected by upwind and downwind buildings. Building and Environment, 219: 109188.

 

Zhu Y, Eiguren-Fernandez A, Hinds WC, et al. (2007). In-cabin commuter exposure to ultrafine particles on Los Angeles freeways. Environmental Science and Technology, 41: 2138–2145.

Building Simulation
Pages 393-411
Cite this article:
Liang L, Yin H, Zhang D, et al. Characteristics of outdoor pollutants intrusion and ventilation control in sentry buildings with normal openings. Building Simulation, 2023, 16(3): 393-411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-022-0946-4

434

Views

5

Crossref

3

Web of Science

4

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics

Received: 26 July 2022
Revised: 23 September 2022
Accepted: 26 September 2022
Published: 05 November 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
Return