Discover the SciOpen Platform and Achieve Your Research Goals with Ease.
Search articles, authors, keywords, DOl and etc.
Self-powered photovoltaic windows, which integrate photovoltaic with electrochromic devices, have attracted widespread attention of scholars since they can generate electricity in situ and reduce building energy consumption by modulating the transmitted solar radiation. However, previous studies mainly focused on the material development and performance characterization, lack of comfort assessment and energy saving potential of its application to buildings. To address this issue, an adjustable semi-transparent photovoltaic (ATPV) window which integrates CdTe-based photovoltaic and WO3-based electrochromic, was taken as the research object, and a novel rule-based control strategy taking the beam solar radiation luminous efficacy (CtrlEff) as decision variable was proposed for the first time. The ATPV window model was established in WINDOW software based on the measured data, and then it was exported to integrated with a medium office building model in EnergyPlus for performance evaluation including the visual comfort, thermal comfort, net energy consumption, and net-zero energy ratio. The results of a case study in Changsha (E 112°, N 28°) indicated that the ATPV window under the CtrlEff strategy can effectively reduce the southward and westward intolerable glare by 86.9% and 94.9%, respectively, and increase the thermal comfort hours by 5% and 2%, compared to the Low-E window. Furthermore, the net-zero energy consumption can be decreased by 58.7%, 65.7%, 64.1%, and 53.8% for south, west, east, and north orientations, and the corresponding net-zero energy ratios are 65.1%, 54.6%, 62.7%, and 61.6%, respectively. The findings of this study provide new strategies for the control and optimization of the adjustable window.
Aburas M, Soebarto V, Williamson T, et al. (2019). Thermochromic smart window technologies for building application: A review. Applied Energy, 255: 113522.
Al-Qahtani SD, Binyaseen AM, Aljuhani E, et al. (2022). Production of smart nanocomposite for glass coating toward photochromic and long-persistent photoluminescent smart windows. Ceramics International, 48: 903–912.
Assimakopoulos MN, Tsangrassoulis A, Santamouris M, et al. (2007). Comparing the energy performance of an electrochromic window under various control strategies. Building and Environment, 42: 2829–2834.
Baldassarri C, Shehabi A, Asdrubali F, et al. (2016). Energy and emissions analysis of next generation electrochromic devices. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 156: 170–181.
Balta-Ozkan N, Yildirim J, Connor PM, et al. (2021). Energy transition at local level: Analyzing the role of peer effects and socio-economic factors on UK solar photovoltaic deployment. Energy Policy, 148: 112004.
Castillo MS, Liu X, Abd-AlHamid F, et al. (2022). Intelligent windows for electricity generation: A technologies review. Building Simulation, 15: 1747–1773.
Chen Y, Xiao Y, Zheng S, et al. (2018). Dynamic heat transfer model and applicability evaluation of aerogel glazing system in various climates of China. Energy, 163: 1115–1124.
Cheng C-Y, Chiang Y-J, Yu H-F, et al. (2021). Designing a hybrid type photoelectrochromic device with dual coloring modes for realizing ultrafast response/high optical contrast self-powered smart windows. Nano Energy, 90: 106575.
Dahanayake KC, Chow CL (2018). Comparing reduction of building cooling load through green roofs and green walls by EnergyPlus simulations. Building Simulation, 11: 421–434.
Deb SK, Lee S-H, Edwin Tracy C, et al. (2001). Stand-alone photovoltaic-powered electrochromic smart window. Electrochimica Acta, 46: 2125–2130.
Fang Y, Memon S, Peng J, Tyrer M, et al. (2020). Solar thermal performance of two innovative configurations of air-vacuum layered triple glazed windows. Renewable Energy, 150: 167–175.
Fathi S, Kavoosi A (2021). Effect of electrochromic windows on energy consumption of high-rise office buildings in different climate regions of Iran. Solar Energy, 223: 132–149.
Favoino F, Overend M, Jin Q (2015). The optimal thermo-optical properties and energy saving potential of adaptive glazing technologies. Applied Energy, 156: 1–15.
Fernandes LL, Lee ES, Ward G (2013). Lighting energy savings potential of split-pane electrochromic windows controlled for daylighting with visual comfort. Energy and Buildings, 61: 8–20.
Fiorito F, Cannavale A, Santamouris M (2020). Development, testing and evaluation of energy savings potentials of photovoltachromic windows in office buildings. A perspective study for Australian climates. Solar Energy, 205: 358–371.
Ganji Kheybari A, Steiner T, Liu S, et al. (2021). Controlling switchable electrochromic glazing for energy savings, visual comfort and thermal comfort: A model predictive control. CivilEng, 2: 1019–1053.
Ghosh A, Norton B, Mallick TK (2018). Influence of atmospheric clearness on PDLC switchable glazing transmission. Energy and Buildings, 172: 257–264.
Ghosh A, Norton B (2019). Optimization of PV powered SPD switchable glazing to minimise probability of loss of power supply. Renewable Energy, 131: 993–1001.
González J, Fiorito F (2015). Daylight design of office buildings: optimisation of external solar shadings by using combined simulation methods. Buildings, 5: 560–580.
Granqvist CG, Azens A, Heszler P, et al. (2007). Nanomaterials for benign indoor environments: Electrochromics for “smart windows”, sensors for air quality, and photo-catalysts for air cleaning. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 91: 355–365.
Gugliermetti F, Bisegna F (2003). Visual and energy management of electrochromic windows in Mediterranean climate. Building and Environment, 38: 479–492.
Hong X, Shi F, Wang S, et al. (2021). Multi-objective optimization of thermochromic glazing based on daylight and energy performance evaluation. Building Simulation, 14: 1685–1695.
Hu S, Zhang Y, Yang Z, et al. (2022). Challenges and opportunities for carbon neutrality in China’s building sector—Modelling and data. Building Simulation, 15: 1899–1921.
Huang L-M, Kung C-P, Hu C-W, et al. (2012). Tunable photovoltaic electrochromic device and module. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 107: 390–395.
Huang Y, Yang S, Aadmi M, et al. (2023). Numerical analysis on phase change progress and thermal performance of different roofs integrated with phase change material (PCM) in Moroccan semi-arid and Mediterranean climates. Building Simulation, 16: 69–85.
Jelle BP, Hynd A, Gustavsen A, et al. (2012). Fenestration of today and tomorrow: A state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 96: 1–28.
Jonsson A, Roos A (2010). Evaluation of control strategies for different smart window combinations using computer simulations. Solar Energy, 84: 1–9.
Khatibi A, Hossein Jahangir M, Razi Astaraei F (2022). Energy and comfort evaluation of a novel hybrid control algorithm for smart electrochromic windows: A simulation study. Solar Energy, 241: 671–685.
Krarti M (2022). Energy performance of control strategies for smart glazed windows applied to office buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 45: 103462.
Lee ES, Tavil A (2007). Energy and visual comfort performance of electrochromic windows with overhangs. Building and Environment, 42: 2439–2449.
Ling H, Wu J, Su F, et al. (2021). Automatic light-adjusting electrochromic device powered by perovskite solar cell. Nature Communications, 12: 1–8.
Ling H, Wu J, Su F, et al. (2022). High performance electrochromic supercapacitors powered by perovskite-solar-cell for real-time light energy flow control. Chemical Engineering Journal, 430: 133082.
Oh M, Park J, Roh S, et al. (2018). Deducing the optimal control method for electrochromic triple glazing through an integrated evaluation of building energy and daylight performance. Energies, 11: 2205.
Pal SK, Alanne K, Jokisalo J, et al. (2016). Energy performance and economic viability of advanced window technologies for a new Finnish townhouse concept. Applied Energy, 162: 11–20.
Piccolo A, Marino C, Nucara A, et al. (2018). Energy performance of an electrochromic switchable glazing: Experimental and computational assessments. Energy and Buildings, 165: 390–398.
Qiu C, Yi YK, Wang M, et al. (2020). Coupling an artificial neuron network daylighting model and building energy simulation for vacuum photovoltaic glazing. Applied Energy, 263: 114624.
Ritter V, Matschi C, Schwarz D (2015). Assessment of five control strategies of an adjustable glazing at three different climate zones. Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, 3: 129–141.
Scorpio M, Ciampi G, Rosato A, et al. (2020). Electric-driven windows for historical buildings retrofit: Energy and visual sensitivity analysis for different control logics. Journal of Building Engineering, 31: 101398.
Serale G, Fiorentini M, Capozzoli A, et al. (2018). Model predictive control (MPC) for enhancing building and HVAC system energy efficiency: Problem formulation, applications and opportunities. Energies, 11: 631.
Tan Y, Peng J, Luo Y, et al. (2022). Numerical heat transfer modeling and climate adaptation analysis of vacuum-photovoltaic glazing. Applied Energy, 312: 118747.
Tavares PF, Gaspar AR, Martins AG, et al. (2014). Evaluation of electrochromic windows impact in the energy performance of buildings in Mediterranean climates. Energy Policy, 67: 68–81.
Tavares P, Bernardo H, Gaspar A, et al. (2016). Control criteria of electrochromic glasses for energy savings in Mediterranean buildings refurbishment. Solar Energy, 134: 236–250.
Urbikain MK (2020). Energy efficient solutions for retrofitting a residential multi-storey building with vacuum insulation panels and low-E windows in two European climates. Journal of Cleaner Production, 269: 121459.
Wang J, Sheng S, He Z, et al. (2021). Self-powered flexible electrochromic smart window. Nano Letters, 21: 9976–9982.
Wu J-J, Hsieh M-D, Liao W, et al. (2009). Fast-switching photovoltachromic cells with tunable transmittance. ACS Nano, 3: 2297–2303.
Xia X, Ku Z, Zhou D, et al. (2016). Perovskite solar cell powered electrochromic batteries for smart windows. Materials Horizons, 3: 588–595.
Yao J, Zhu N (2012). Evaluation of indoor thermal environmental, energy and daylighting performance of thermotropic windows. Building and Environment, 49: 283–290.
Yik F, Bojić M (2006). Application of switchable glazing to high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong. Energy and Buildings, 38: 463–471.
Zhang S, Hu W, Li D, et al. (2021). Energy efficiency optimization of PCM and aerogel-filled multiple glazing windows. Energy, 222: 119916.
Zhao D, Zhang G, Zhang X, et al. (2018). Optical properties of paraffin at temperature range from 40 to 80 ℃. Optik, 157: 184–189.
Zhou Y, Fan F, Liu Y, et al. (2021). Unconventional smart windows: Materials, structures and designs. Nano Energy, 90: 106613.