Potential of contemporary earth-sheltered buildings to achieve Plus Energy status in various European climates during the heating season
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of contemporary Earth-Sheltered Buildings to contribute to sustainable societies by achieving Plus Energy Building status during the heating season. The buildings analyzed are intended to house a four-member family (102.5 m2). The house is equipped with a ground source heat pump, geothermal vertical probes, floor heating panels, an energy recovery ventilator, and building-integrated photovoltaic panels installed on the exposed building wall. The numerical analysis (using EnergyPlus software) was carried out for nine European sites covering five different climatic zones (namely: southern, Atlantic, continental, alpine, and northern climate) and three latitude belts spanning Europe from south to north. Buildings above 65° N (northern and alpine climate) could not achieve Plus Energy status with 20% efficient BIPVs. With 15% efficient BIPVs, the building above 59° N (northern climate) was incapable of achieving this as well. Regarding the monthly time step, the buildings in the southern and Atlantic climates with 15% efficient BIPVs were able to produce an energy surplus every month, as was the building in the Alps with 20% efficient BIPVs.
Keywords
References
Akubue J (2021). Earth sheltered housing; design concepts for urban ground-scrapers. International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications, 7: 1–7.
Baumgarten A, Haslmayr HP, Schwarz M, et al. (2021). Organic soil carbon in Austria—Status quo and foreseeable trends. Geoderma, 402: 115214.
Giama E, Papadopoulos AM (2012). Sustainable building management: Overview of certification schemes and standards. Advances in Building Energy Research, 6: 242–258.
Gocke MI, Don A, Heidkamp A, et al. (2021). The phosphorus status of German cropland—An inventory of top- and subsoils. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 184: 51–64.
Gordic D, Nikolic J, Vukasinovic V, et al. (2023). Offsetting carbon emissions from household electricity consumption in Europe. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 175: 113154.
Hawila AAW, Pernetti R, Pozza C, et al. (2022). Plus energy building: Operational definition and assessment. Energy and Buildings, 265: 112069.
Hubbard SS, Schmutz M, Balde A, et al. (2021). Estimation of soil classes and their relationship to grapevine vigor in a Bordeaux vineyard: Advancing the practical joint use of electromagnetic induction (EMI) and NDVI datasets for precision viticulture. Precision Agriculture, 22: 1353–1376.
Huynh A, Barkokebas RD, Al-Hussein M, et al. (2021). Energy-efficiency requirements for residential building envelopes in cold-climate regions. Atmosphere, 12: 405.
Khaksar A, Tabadkani A, Mofidi Shemirani SM, et al. (2022). Thermal comfort analysis of earth-sheltered buildings: The case of meymand village, Iran. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11: 1214–1238.
Lazović Đ, Džodić K, Đurišić Ž (2021). Analysis of economic justification of investing in a solar power plant with vertically placed bifacial photovoltaic modules in perspective of free market conditions. Energija, Ekonomija, Ekologija, 23(3): 37–44.
Logan L, Andersson JBH, Whitehouse MJ, et al. (2022). Energy drive for the Kiruna mining district mineral system(s): insights from U-Pb zircon geochronology. Minerals, 12: 875.
Man Y, Yang H, Wang J, et al. (2011). Operation performance investigation of ground-coupled heat-pump system for temperate region. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 6: 107–118.
Márquez JMA, Bohórquez MÁM, Melgar SG (2016). Ground thermal diffusivity calculation by direct soil temperature measurement. application to very low enthalpy geothermal energy systems. Sensors, 16: 306.
Metzger MJ, Bunce RGH, Jongman RHG, et al. (2005). A climatic stratification of the environment of Europe. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 14: 549–563.
Milanović AR, Folić NK, Folić R (2018). Earth-sheltered house: A case study of dobraca village house near kragujevac, Serbia. Sustainability, 10: 3629.
Nešović A (2022). Theoretical model of solar incident angle for an optionally oriented fixed flat surface. Tehnika, 77: 328–333. (in Serbian)
Porras-Amores C, Mazarrón FR, Cañas I, et al. (2019). Natural ventilation analysis in an underground construction: CFD simulation and experimental validation. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 90: 162–173.
Šijaković M, Perić A (2020). Sustainable architectural design: Towards climate change mitigation. Archnet-IJAR, 15: 385–400.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Cabeza LF, Serrano S, et al. (2015). Heating and cooling energy trends and drivers in buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41: 85–98.
Van Dronkelaar C, Cóstola D, Mangkuto RA, et al. (2014). Heating and cooling energy demand in underground buildings: potential for saving in various climates and functions. Energy and Buildings, 71: 129–136.
Yavuzturk C, Spitler JD (1999). A short time step response factor model for vertical ground loop heat exchangers. ASHRAE Transactions, 105(2): 475–485.
Yavuzturk C, Spitler JD (2001). Field validation of a short time step model for vertical ground-loop heat exchangers. ASHRAE Transactions, 107(1): 616–625.
Zhao J, Peng F, Wang T, et al. (2016). Advances in master planning of urban underground space (UUS) in China. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 55: 290–307.
京公网安备11010802044758号