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A facile one-pot microwave irradiation reduction route has been developed for the synthesis of highly luminescent CdTe quantum dots using Na2TeO3 as the Te source in an aqueous environment. The synthesis parameters of this simple and rapid approach, including the reaction temperature and time, the pH of the reaction solution and the molar ratio of the 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) stabilizer to Cd2+, have considerable influence on the particle size and photoluminescence quantum yield of the CdTe quantum dots. The photoluminescence quantum yield of CdTe quantum dots prepared using relatively short reaction times (10–40 min) reached 40%–60% (emission peaks at 550–640 nm). Furthermore, the resulting products could be used as fluorescent probes to detect Hg2+ ions in aqueous media. The response was linearly proportional to the concentration of Hg2+ ion in the range 8.0×10-9 mol/L to 2.0×10-6 mol/L with a detection limit of 2.7×10-9 mol/L.
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