Graphical Abstract

A new technique to reduce the influence of metallic carbon nanotubes (CNTs)—relevant for large-scale integrated circuits based on CNT-nanonet transistors—is proposed and verified. Historically, electrical and chemical filtering of the metallic CNTs have been used to improve the ON/OFF ratio of CNT-nanonet transistors; however, the corresponding degradation in ON-current has made these techniques somewhat unsatisfactory. Here, we abandon the classical approaches in favor of a new approach based on relocation of asymmetric percolation threshold of CNT-nanonet transistors by a technique called "striping"; this allows fabrication of transistors with ON/OFF ratio > 1000 and ON-current degradation no more than a factor of 2. We offer first principle numerical models, experimental confirmation, and renormalization arguments to provide a broad theoretical and experimental foundation of the proposed method.
Cao, Q.; Kim, H. S.; Pimparkar, N.; Kulkarni, J. P.; Wang, C.; Shim, M.; Roy, K.; Alam, M. A.; Rogers, J. A. Medium-scale carbon nanotube thin-film integrated circuits on flexible plastic substrates. Nature2008, 454, 495–500.
Duan, X. F.; Niu, C. M.; Sahi, V.; Chen, J.; Parce, J. W.; Empedocles, S.; Goldman, J. L. High-performance thin-film transistors using semiconductor nanowires and nanoribbons. Nature2003, 425, 274–278.
Novak, J. P.; Lay, M. D.; Perkins, F. K.; Snow, E. S. Macroelectronic applications of carbon nanotube networks. Solid State Electron. 2004, 48, 1753–1756.
Novak, J. P.; Snow, E. S.; Houser, E. J.; Park, D.; Stepnowski, J. L.; McGill, R. A. Nerve agent detection using networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 4026–4028.
Snow, E. S.; Novak, J. P.; Campbell, P. M.; Park, D. Random networks of carbon nanotubes as an electronic material. Appl. Phys. Lett.2003, 82, 2145–2147.
Szleifer, I.; Yerushalmi-Rozen, R. Polymers and carbon nanotubes—Dimensionality, interactions and nanotechnology. Polymer2005, 46, 7803–7808.
Zhou, Y. X.; Gaur, A.; Hur, S. H.; Kocabas, C.; Meitl, M. A.; Shim, M.; Rogers, J. A. p-channel, n-channel thin film transistors and p–n diodes based on single wall carbon nanotube networks. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 2031–2035.
Kumar, S.; Murthy, J. Y.; Alam, M. A. Percolating conduction in finite nanotube networks. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95/6, 066802.
Pimparkar, N.; Guo, J.; Alam, M. A. Performance assessment of sub-percolating nanobundle network transistors by an analytical model. IEDM Tech. Digest2005, 21, 541–544.
Kang, S. J.; Kocabas, C.; Ozel, T.; Shim, M.; Pimparkar, N.; Alam, M. A.; Rogers, J. A. High-performance electronics using dense, perfectly aligned arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2007, 2, 230–236.
Cao, Q.; Hur, S. H.; Zhu, Z. T.; Sun, Y.; Wang, C.J.; Meitl, M. A.; Shim, M.; Rogers, J. A. Highly bendable, transparent thin-film transistors that use carbon-nanotube-based conductors and semiconductors with elastomeric dielectrics. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 304.
Collins, P. C.; Arnold, M. S.; Avouris, P. Engineering carbon nanotubes and nanotube circuits using electrical breakdown. Science2001, 292, 706–709.
Kumar, S.; Blanchet, G. B.; Hybertsen, M. S.; Murthy, J. Y.; Alam, M. A. Performance of carbon nanotube-dispersed thin-film transistors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89, 143501.
Datta S. Quantum Transport: Atom to Transistor, 2nd ed.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2005.
Stauffer, D.; Aharony, A. Introduction to Percolation Theory; Taylor and Francis: London, 1992.
Haddon, R. C.; Sippel, J.; Rinzler, A. G.; Papadimitrakopoulos, F. Purification and separation of carbon nanotubes. MRS Bull. 2004, 29, 252–259.
Wang, C.; Cao, Q.; Ozel, T.; Gaur, A.; Rogers, J. A.; Shim, M. Electronically selective chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes: Correlation between Raman spectral and electrical responses. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 11460–11468.
Arnold, M. S.; Stupp, S. I.; Hersam, M. Enrichment of single-walled carbon nanotubes by diameter in density gradients. Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 713–718.
Seidel, R.; Graham, A. P.; Unger, E.; Duesberg, G. S.; Liebau, M.; Steinhoegl, W.; Kreupl, F.; Hoenlein, W. High-current nanotube transistors. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 831–834.
Pimparkar, N.; Guo, J.; Alam, M. A. Performance assessment of subpercolating nanobundle network thin-film transistors by an analytical model. IEEE T. Electron Dev. 2007, 54, 637–644.
Li, Y. M.; Mann, D.; Rolandi, M.; Kim, W.; Ural, A.; Hung, S.; Javey, A.; Cao, J.; Wang, D. W.; Yenilmez, E.; Wang, Q.; Gibbons, J. F.; Nishi, Y.; Dai, H. J. Preferential growth of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes by a plasma enhanced CVD method. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 317–321.
Pimparkar, N.; Kumar, S.; Cao, Q.; Rogers, J. A.; Murthy, J. Y.; Alam, M. A. Current-voltage characteristics of long-channel nanobundle thin-film transistors: A "bottom-up" perspective. IEEE Electron Dev. L. 2007, 28, 157–160
Pimparkar N.; Kocabas C.; Kang S. J.; Rogers J. A.; Alam M. A. Electron Dev. Lett.2007, 28, 593–595.
Kocabas, C.; Pimparkar, N.; Yesilyurt, O.; Alam, M. A.; Rogers, J. A. Experimental and theoretical studies of transport through large scale, partially aligned arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes in thin film type transistors. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 1195–1202.
Seager, C. H.; Pike, G. E. Percolation and conductivity: A computer study. Phys. Rev. B1974, 10, 1421.