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Research Article | Open Access

Direct Observation of the Strong Interaction Between Carbon Nanotubes and Quartz Substrate

Lei Ding^¹, Weiwei Zhou^¹, Thomas P. McNicholas^¹, Jinyong Wang^², Haibin Chu^², Yan Li^², Jie Liu^¹()

1 Department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurham, North Carolina

27708

USA

2 Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices National Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing

100871

China

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Abstract

We present a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for the growth of uniform single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) arrays on a stable temperature (ST)-cut single crystal quartz substrate using a mixture of methanol and ethanol as carbon source. It is found that introducing methanol during the growth can improve the density and the length of the well-aligned SWNTs in the arrays as well as increase the SWNT/quartz interaction. Obvious "up-shifts" of G-band frequencies in the Raman spectra have been found for the aligned SWNTs. A well-designed control experiment shows that the G-band "up-shifts" originate from the strong interaction between SWNTs and the quartz substrate. It is believed that exploring this interaction will help to elucidate the growth mechanism; ultimately, this will help realize the promise of controlling the chirality of SWNTs.

Keywords

Single-walled carbon nanotube quartz wafer Raman spectroscopy G-band "up-shift"chemical vapor deposition (CVD)

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Volume 2 Issue 11,
November 2009

Pages 903-910

DOI: 10.1007/s12274-009-9093-9

Cite this article:

Ding L, Zhou W, McNicholas TP, et al. Direct Observation of the Strong Interaction Between Carbon Nanotubes and Quartz Substrate. Nano Research, 2009, 2(11): 903-910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-009-9093-9

Figure 1Arrays of high density SWNTs grown on ST-cut single crystal quartz with a large ratio of methanol: ethanol used as carbon precursors: (a)–(c) SEM images; the bright and parallel horizontal lines visible in (a) are catalyst lines; (d) AFM image
Figure 2Arrays of long SWNTs grown on ST-cut single crystal quartz with a large ratio of methanol: ethanol used as carbon precursors: (a) and (b) SEM images; the black and parallel horizontal lines visible in (a) are two catalyst lines; the catalyst line in (b) is at the bottom of the SEM; (c) is the length distribution of the SWNTs in the arrays
Figure 3Raman spectra of the SWNTs grown on ST-cut single crystal quartz with a large ratio of methanol: ethanol used as carbon precursors: (a) RBM spectra; (b) G-band spectra. The Raman spectra were recorded with an excitation laser line of 633 nm. Ten different spots of the sample were characterized over the entire surface. Each curve in a panel shows a spectrum at a different spot on the substrate. The sharp peaks at 127 cm⁻¹ and the broad peaks at 205 cm⁻¹, marked with green stars in (a), correspond to the Raman spectra of the quartz
Figure 4Arrays of aligned SWNTs transferred onto the SiO_x substrate: (a) and (b) SEM images; (c) RBM spectra; (d) G-band spectra. The Raman spectra were recorded with an excitation laser line of 633 nm. Ten different spots of the sample were characterized over the entire surface. Each curve in a panel shows a spectrum at a different spot on the substrate
Figure 5Raman spectra of the aligned SWNTs transferred onto the trenched ST-cut single crystal quartz. The top left figure is a schematic illustration of the Raman characterization. The orientation of the aligned SWNTs transferred onto the trenched quartz is parallel with the X [100] direction of the lattice. Figures marked with 1 to 5 represent the Raman characterization of the sections of the nanotube in contact with the quartz (positions 1, 3, 5 in the schematic illustration) and the sections suspended over the trench (positions 2, 4 in the schematic illustration) of the same SWNT. Each of the inserted spectra depicts the RBM of the SWNT measured simultaneously with the G-band. The sharp peaks marked with green stars in the RBM spectra correspond to the Raman spectra of the quartz. The RBM and G-band frequencies are 152 cm⁻¹ and 1605 cm⁻¹ (position 1), 153 cm⁻¹ and 1591 cm⁻¹ (position 2), 153 cm⁻¹ and 1605 cm⁻¹ (position 3), 153 cm⁻¹ and 1591 cm⁻¹ (position 4), 152 cm⁻¹ and 1603 cm⁻¹ (position 5), respectively

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