AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Nano Research Article
Article Link
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article

Efficient CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells with 2TPA-n-DP hole-transporting layers

Lifeng Zhu1, Junyan Xiao1, Jiangjian Shi1, Junjie Wang2, Songtao Lv1, Yuzhuan Xu1, Yanhong Luo1, Yin Xiao2, Shirong Wang2, Qingbo Meng1( ), Xianggao Li2( ), Dongmei Li1( )
Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condense Matter PhysicsInstitute of Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells with 2TPA-n-DP (TPA = 4, 4′-((1E, 1′E, 3E, 3′E)-[1, 1′-biphenyl]-4, 4′-diylbis(buta-1, 3-diene-4, 1-diyl)); DP = bis(N, N-di-p-tolylaniline); n = 1, 2, 3, 4) as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) have been fabricated. After optimization of the mesoporous TiO2 film thickness, devices based on 2TPA-2-DP with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 12.96% have been achieved, comparable to those of devices with (2, 2′, 7, 7′-tetrakis(N, N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9, 9′-spirobifluorene) (spiro-OMeTAD) as HTM under similar conditions. Further time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements showed a fast charge transfer process at the perovskite/2TPA-2-DP interface. With the aid of electrochemical impedance spectra, a study of the electron blocking ability of 2TPA-2-DP in the device reveals that the presence of 2TPA-2-DP can greatly increase charge transfer resistance at the HTM/Au interface in the device, thus reducing the recombination. Furthermore, the perovskite solar cells based on these four HTMs exhibit good stability after testing for one month.

Keywords

perovskite solar cellsorganolead halidehole-transporting materialsinterfacial recombination

Electronic Supplementary Material

Download File(s)
12274_2014_592_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (617.7 KB)

References

1

Baikie, T.; Fang, Y. N.; Kadro, J. M.; Schreyer, M.; Wei, F. X.; Mhaisalkar, S. G.; Grätzel, M.; White, T. J. Synthesis and crystal chemistry of the hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3 for solid-state sensitised solar cell applications. J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 5628–5641.
Crossref Google Scholar
2

Feng, J.; Xiao, B. Crystal structures, optical properties, and effective mass tensors of CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I and Br) phases predicted from HSE06. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 1278–1282.
Crossref Google Scholar
3

Kazim, S.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Grätzel, M.; Ahmad, S. Perovskite as light harvester: A game changer in photovoltaics. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 2812–2824.
Crossref Google Scholar
4

Stoumpos, C. C.; Malliakas, C. D.; Kanatzidis, M. G. Semiconducting tin and lead iodide perovskites with organic cations: Phase transitions, high mobilities, and near-infrared photoluminescent properties. Inorg. Chem. 2013, 52, 9019–9038.
Crossref Google Scholar
5

Ponseca, C. S. Jr.; Savenije, T. J.; Abdellah, M.; Zheng, K. B.; Yartsev, A.; Pascher, T.; Harlang, T.; Chabera, P.; Pullerits, T.; Stepanov, A. et al. Organometal halide perovskite solar cell materials rationalized: Ultrafast charge generation, high and microsecond-long balanced mobilities, and slow recombination. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 5189–5192.
Crossref Google Scholar
6

Snaith, H. J. Perovskites: The emergence of a new era for low-cost, high-efficiency solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 3623–3630.
Crossref Google Scholar
7

Park, N.G. Organometal perovskite light absorbers toward a 20% efficiency low-cost solid-state mesoscopic solar cell. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 2423–2429.
Crossref Google Scholar
8

Bretschneider, S. A.; Weickert, J.; Dorman, J. A.; Schmidt-Mende, L. Research update: Physical and electrical characteristics of lead halide perovskites for solar cell applications. APL Mater. 2014, 2, 040701.
Crossref Google Scholar
9

Kojima, A.; Teshima, K.; Shirai, Y.; Miyasaka, T. Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 6050–6051.
Crossref Google Scholar
10

Li, W. Z.; Li, J. L.; Wang, L. D.; Niu, G. D.; Gao, R.; Qiu, Y. Post modification of perovskite sensitized solar cells by aluminum oxide for enhanced performance. J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 11735–11740.
Crossref Google Scholar
11

Kim, H. S.; Lee, C. R.; Im, J. H.; Lee, K. B.; Moehl, T.; Marchioro, A.; Moon, S. J.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Yum, J. H.; Moser, J. E. et al. Lead iodide perovskite sensitized all-solid-state submicron thin film mesoscopic solar cell with efficiency exceeding 9%. Sci. Rep. 2012, 2, 591.
Google Scholar
12

Liu, M. Z.; Johnston, M. B.; Snaith, H. J. Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition. Nature 2013, 501, 395–402.
Crossref Google Scholar
13

Xiao, Z. G.; Bi, C.; Shao, Y. C.; Dong, Q. F.; Wang, Q.; Yuan, Y. B.; Wang, C. G.; Gao, Y. L.; Huang, J. S. Efficient, high yield perovskite photovoltaic devices grown by interdiffusion of solution-processed precursor stacking layers. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 2619–2623.
Crossref Google Scholar
14

Liu, D. Y.; Kelly, T. L. Perovskite solar cells with a planar heterojunction structure prepared using room-temperature solution processing techniques. Nat. Photonics 2014, 8, 133–138.
Crossref Google Scholar
15

Burschka, J.; Pellet, N.; Moon, S. J.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Gao, P.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Grätzel M. Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature 2013, 499, 316–320.
Crossref Google Scholar
16
NREL. Best Research-Cell Efficiencies [Online]. http://www.nrel.gov/ncpv/images/efficiency_chart.jpg (accessed June 30, 2014).
17

Service, R. F. Energy technology perovskite solar cells keep on surging. Science 2014, 344, 458–458.
Crossref Google Scholar
18

Laban, W. A.; Etgar, L. Depleted hole conductor-free lead halide iodide heterojunction solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 2013, 6, 3249–3253.
Crossref Google Scholar
19

Shi, J. J.; Dong, J.; Lv, S. T.; Xu, Y. Z.; Zhu, L. F.; Xiao, J. Y.; Xu, X.; Wu, H. J.; Li, D. M.; Luo, Y. H. et al. Hole-conductor-free perovskite organic lead iodide heterojunction thin-film solar cells: High efficiency and junction property. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 104, 063901.
Crossref Google Scholar
20

Kwon, Y. S.; Lim, J.; Yun, H. J.; Kim, Y. H.; Park, T. A diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing hole transporting conjugated polymer for use in efficient stable organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells based on a perovskite. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 1454–1460.
Crossref Google Scholar
21

Heo, J. H.; Im, S. H.; Noh, J. H.; Mandal, T. N.; Lim, C. S.; Chang, J. A.; Lee, Y. H.; Kim, H. J.; Sarkar, A.; Nazeeruddin, M. K. et al. Efficient inorganic-organic hybrid heterojunction solar cells containing perovskite compound and polymeric hole conductors. Nat. Photonics 2013, 7, 486–491.
Crossref Google Scholar
22

Di Giacomo, F.; Razza, S.; Matteocci, F.; D'Epifanio, A.; Licoccia, S.; Brown, T. M.; Di Carlo, A. High efficiency CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl1-x perovskite solar cells with poly(3-hexylthiophene) hole transport layer. J. Power Sources 2014, 251, 152–156.
Crossref Google Scholar
23

Ryu, S. C.; Noh, J. H.; Jeon, N. J.; Kim, Y. C.; Yang, W. S.; Seo, J. W.; Seok, S. I. Voltage output of efficient perovskite solar cells with high open-circuit voltage and fill factor. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 2614–2618.
Crossref Google Scholar
24

Christians, J. A.; Fung, R. C. M.; Kamat, P. V. An inorganic hole conductor for organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells. Improved hole conductivity with copper iodide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 758–764.
Crossref Google Scholar
25

Ito, S.; Tanaka, S.; Vahlman, H.; Nishino, H.; Manabe, K.; Lund, P. Carbon-double-bond-free printed solar cells from TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/CuSCN/Au: Structural control and photoaging effects. ChemPhysChem 2014, 15, 1194–1200.
Crossref Google Scholar
26

Qin, P.; Tanaka, S.; Ito, S.; Tetreault, N.; Manabe, K.; Nishino, H.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Grätzel, M. Inorganic hole conductor-based lead halide perovskite solar cells with 12.4% conversion efficiency. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3834.
Google Scholar
27

Jeon, N. J.; Lee, J.; Noh, J. H.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Graetzel, M.; Seok, S. I. Efficient inorganic organic hybrid perovskite solar cells based on pyrene arylamine derivatives as hole-transporting materials. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 19087–19090.
Crossref Google Scholar
28

Krishnamoorthy, T.; Fu, K. W.; Boix, P. P.; Li, H. R.; Koh, T. M.; Leong, W. L.; Powar, S.; Grimsdale, A.; Grätzel, M.; Mathews, N. et al. A swivel-cruciform thiophene based hole-transporting material for efficient perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 6305–6309.
Crossref Google Scholar
29

Li, H. R.; Fu, K. W.; Hagfeldt, A.; Grätzel, M.; Mhaisalkar, S. G.; Grimsdale, A. C. A simple 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene based hole-transporting material for perovskite solar cells. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 4085–4088.
Crossref Google Scholar
30

Krishna, A.; Sabba, D.; Li, H. R.; Yin, J.; Boix, P. P.; Soci, C.; Mhaisalkar, S. G.; Grimsdale, A. C. Novel hole transporting materials based on triptycene core for high efficiency mesoscopic perovskite solar cells. Chem. Sci. 2014, 5, 2702–2709.
Crossref Google Scholar
31

Lv, S. T.; Han, L. Y.; Xiao, J. Y.; Zhu, L. F.; Shi, J. J.; Wei, H. Y.; Xu, Y. Z.; Dong, J.; Xu, X.; Li, D. M. et al. Mesoscopic TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells with new hole-transporting materials containing butadiene derivatives. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 6931–6934.
Crossref Google Scholar
32

Wang, J. J.; Wang, S. R.; Li, X. G.; Zhu, L. F.; Meng, Q. B.; Xiao, Y.; Li, D. M. Novel hole transporting materials with a linear pi-conjugated structure for highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 5829–5832.
Crossref Google Scholar
33

Ito, S.; Murakami, T. N.; Comte, P.; Liska, P.; Grätzel, C.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Grätzel, M. Fabrication of thin film dye sensitized solar cells with solar to electric power conversion efficiency over 10%. Thin Solid Films 2008, 516, 4613–4619.
Crossref Google Scholar
34

Snaith, H. J.; Abate, A.; Ball, J. M.; Eperon, G. E.; Leijtens, T.; Noel, N. K.; Stranks, S. D.; Wang, J. T.W.; Wojciechowski, K.; Zhang, W. Anomalous hysteresis in perovskite solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 1511–1515.
Crossref Google Scholar
35

Guo, X. Z.; Luo, Y. H.; Zhang Y. D.; Huang, X. C.; Li, D. M.; Meng, Q. B. Study on the effect of measuring methods on incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by home-made setup. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2010, 81, 103106.
Crossref Google Scholar
36

Zhao, Y. X.; Zhu, K. Charge transport and recombination in perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 sensitized TiO2 solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 2880–2884.
Crossref Google Scholar
37

Xu, Y. Z.; Shi, J. J.; Lv, S. T.; Zhu, L. F.; Dong, J.; Wu, H. J.; Xiao, Y.; Luo, Y. H.; Wang, S. R.; Li, D. M. et al. Simple way to engineer metal-semiconductor interface for enhanced performance of perovskite organic lead iodide solar cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 5651–5656.
Crossref Google Scholar
38

Xiao, J. Y.; Han, L. Y.; Zhu, L. F.; Lv, S. T.; Shi, J. J.; Wei, H. Y.; Xu, Y. Z.; Dong, J.; Xu, X.; Xiao, Y. et al. A thin pristine non-triarylamine hole-transporting material layer for efficient CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 32918–32923.
Crossref Google Scholar
39

Koster, L. J. A.; Mihailetchi, V. D.; Xie, H.; Blom, P. W. M. Origin of the light intensity dependence of the short-circuit current of polymer/fullerence solar cells. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 87, 203502.
Crossref Google Scholar
40

You, J. B.; Hong, Z. R.; Yang, Y.; Chen, Q.; Cai, M.; Song, T.B.; Chen, C.C.; Lu, S. R.; Liu, Y. S.; Zhou, H. P. Low-temperature solution-processed perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and flexibility. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 1674–1680.
Crossref Google Scholar
41

Xing, G. C.; Mathews, N.; Sun, S. Y.; Lim, S. S.; Lam, Y. M.; Grätzel, M.; Mhaisalkar, S.; Sum, T. C. Long-range balanced electron- and hole-transport lengths in organic-inorganic CH3NH3PbI3. Science 2013, 342, 344–347.
Crossref Google Scholar
42

Stranks, S. D.; Eperon, G. E.; Grancini, G.; Menelaou, C.; Alcocer, M. J. P.; Leijtens, T.; Herz, L. M.; Petrozza, A.; Snaith, H. J. Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber. Science 2013, 342, 341–344.
Crossref Google Scholar
43

Shaw, P. E.; Ruseckas, A.; Samuel, I. D. W. Exciton diffusion measurements in poly(3-hexylthiophene). Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 3516–3520.
Crossref Google Scholar
44

Dualeh, A.; Moehl, T.; Tetreault, N.; Teuscher, J.; Gao, P.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Grätzel, M. Impedance spectroscopic analysis of lead iodide perovskite-sensitized solid-state solar cells. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 362–373.
Crossref Google Scholar
45

Kim, H. S.; Mora-Sero, I.; Gonzalez-Pedro, V.; Fabregat-Santiago, F.; Juarez-Perez, E. J.; Park, N. G.; Bisquert, J. Mechanism of carrier accumulation in perovskite thin-absorber solar cells. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 2242.
Google Scholar
Nano Research
Volume 8 Issue 4,
April 2015
Pages 1116-1127
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-014-0592-y
Cite this article:
Zhu L, Xiao J, Shi J, et al. Efficient CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells with 2TPA-n-DP hole-transporting layers. Nano Research, 2015, 8(4): 1116-1127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-014-0592-y

680

Views

66

Crossref

N/A

Web of Science

68

Scopus

2

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 30 June 2014
Revised: 16 September 2014
Accepted: 19 September 2014
Published: 03 November 2014
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Return