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Review Article

Liposomes co-loaded with metformin and chlorin e6 modulate tumor hypoxia during enhanced photodynamic therapy

Xuejiao SongLiangzhu FengChao LiangMin GaoGuosheng SongZhuang Liu( )
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
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Abstract

Though photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely used in the non-invasive destruction of solid tumors, the therapeutic efficacy of PDT is often limited by the hypoxic tumor environment. Herein, we report the innovative use of metformin, an oral hypoglycemic agent commonly used in the treatment of type II diabetes, to improve tumor oxygenation, and overcome tumor hypoxia-associated resistance to PDT. In our design, hydrophilic metformin and modified hydrophobic chlorin e6 (HCe6) are co-encapsulated within the inner cavity and outer membrane of liposomes, respectively. Due to the high uptake of liposome nanoparticles by tumors, and the sustained release of metformin, the intravenous administration of metformin (Met)-HCe6-Liposome nanoparticles greatly improves tumor oxygenation in several different tumor models, as revealed by in vivo photoacoustic imaging and ex vivo immunofluorescence staining. Systemic administration of Met-HCe6-Liposomes followed by in vivo PDT achieved significantly improved therapeutic effects compared to that of PDT without metformin. Hence, our study represents a new strategy for the improvement of PDT efficacy through the modulation of tumor oxygenation by clinically approved agents.

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Nano Research
Pages 1200-1212
Cite this article:
Song X, Feng L, Liang C, et al. Liposomes co-loaded with metformin and chlorin e6 modulate tumor hypoxia during enhanced photodynamic therapy. Nano Research, 2017, 10(4): 1200-1212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-016-1274-8
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Received: 07 July 2016
Revised: 16 August 2016
Accepted: 31 August 2016
Published: 13 October 2016
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
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