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Research Article

A carbon-based 3D current collector with surface protection for Li metal anode

Ying Zhang1,§, Boyang Liu1,§, Emily Hitz1, Wei Luo1, Yonggang Yao1, Yiju Li1, Jiaqi Dai1, Chaoji Chen1, Yanbin Wang1, Chunpeng Yang1, Hongbian Li2, Liangbing Hu1( )
Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China

§These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Lithium metal is considered the ideal anode material for Li-ion-based batteries because it exhibits the highest specific capacity and lowest redox potential for this type of cells. However, growth of Li dendrites, unstable solid electrolyte interphases, low Coulombic efficiencies, and safety hazards have significantly hindered the practical application of metallic Li anodes. Herein, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanotube sponge (CNTS) as a Li deposition host. The high specific surface area of the CNTS enables homogenous charge distribution for Li nucleation and minimizes the effective current density to overcome dendrite growth. An additional conformal Al2O3 layer on the CNTS coated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) robustly protects the Li metal electrode/electrolyte interface due to the good chemical stability and high mechanical strength of the layer. The Li@ALD-CNTS electrode exhibits stable voltage profiles with a small overpotential ranging from 16 to 30 mV over 100 h of cycling at 1.0 mA·cm–2. Moreover, the electrodes display a dendrite-free morphology after cycling and a Coulombic efficiency of 92.4% over 80 cycles at 1.0 mA·cm–2 in an organic carbonate electrolyte, thus demonstrating electrochemical stability superior to that of planar current collectors. Our results provide an important strategy for the rational design of current collectors to obtain stable Li metal anodes.

Keywords

lithium metal anodeCoulombic efficiencycurrent collectorcarbon nanotubeinterfacial protectionstable cycling

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Nano Research
Volume 10 Issue 4,
April 2017
Pages 1356-1365
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-017-1461-2
Cite this article:
Zhang Y, Liu B, Hitz E, et al. A carbon-based 3D current collector with surface protection for Li metal anode. Nano Research, 2017, 10(4): 1356-1365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1461-2
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Received: 30 November 2016
Revised: 26 December 2016
Accepted: 01 January 2017
Published: 01 March 2017
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017
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