AI Chat Paper
Discover the SciOpen Platform and Achieve Your Research Goals with Ease.
In recent years, significant attention has been paid to perovskite materials. In particular, lead triiodide-based perovskites have exhibited superb optoelectronic properties. Enhancing the stability of these materials is an essential step towards large-scale applications. In this study, by simply adding trioctylphosphine (TOP) as part of the post-synthesis treatment, we significantly enhance the stability of CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) in the solution phase, which otherwise decay rapidly in hours. For CsPbI3 QDs treated with TOP, the absorption and photoluminescence emission properties are unchanged over the course of weeks, and the quantum yield remains almost constant at 30% even after 1 month. The morphologies of both treated and untreated QDs are initially cubic; however, the treated QDs largely maintain their initial size and shape, while the untreated ones lose size uniformity, which is a sign of degradation. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the presence of P in the TOP-treated QDs. We insights that help to resolve the intrinsic instability issue of triiodide perovskite materials and devices.
Brandt, R. E.; Stevanović, V.; Ginley, D. S.; Buonassisi, T. Identifying defect-tolerant semiconductors with high minority-carrier lifetimes: Beyond hybrid lead halide perovskites. MRS Commun. 2015, 5, 265-275.
de Quilettes, D. W.; Vorpahl, S. M.; Stranks, S. D.; Nagaoka, H.; Eperon, G. E.; Ziffer, M. E.; Snaith, H. J.; Ginger, D. S. Impact of microstructure on local carrier lifetime in perovskite solar cells. Science 2015, 348, 683-686.
Ma, L.; Hao, F.; Stoumpos, C. C.; Phelan, B. T.; Wasielewski, M. R.; Kanatzidis, M. G. Carrier diffusion lengths of over 500 nm in lead-free perovskite CH3NH3SnI3 films. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 14750-14755.
Miyata, A.; Mitioglu, A.; Plochocka, P.; Portugall, O.; Wang, J. T. -W.; Stranks, S. D.; Snaith, H. J.; Nicholas, R. J. Direct measurement of the exciton binding energy and effective masses for charge carriers in organic-inorganic tri-halide perovskites. Nat. Phys. 2015, 11, 582-587.
Shi, D.; Adinolfi, V.; Comin, R.; Yuan, M. J.; Alarousu, E.; Buin, A.; Chen, Y.; Hoogland, S.; Rothenberger, A.; Katsiev, K. et al. Low trap-state density and long carrier diffusion in organolead trihalide perovskite single crystals. Science 2015, 347, 519-522.
Stranks, S. D.; Eperon, G. E.; Grancini, G.; Menelaou, C.; Alcocer, M. J. P.; Leijtens, T.; Herz, L. M.; Petrozza, A.; Snaith, H. J. Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber. Science 2013, 342, 341-344.
Yantara, N.; Bhaumik, S.; Yan, F.; Sabba, D.; Dewi, H. A.; Mathews, N.; Boix, P. P.; Demir, H. V.; Mhaisalkar, S. Inorganic halide perovskites for efficient light-emitting diodes. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 4360-4364.
Zhang, X. Y.; Lin, H.; Huang, H.; Reckmeier, C.; Zhang, Y.; Choy, W. C. H.; Rogach, A. L. Enhancing the brightness of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystal based green light-emitting devices through the interface engineering with perfluorinated ionomer. Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 1415-1420.
Zhang, X. L.; Xu, B.; Zhang, J. B.; Gao, Y.; Zheng, Y. J.; Wang, K.; Sun, X. W. All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals for high-efficiency light emitting diodes: Dual-phase CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 composites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 4595-4600.
Eaton, S. W.; Lai, M. L.; Gibson, N. A.; Wong, A. B.; Dou, L. T.; Ma, J.; Wang, L. -W.; Leone, S. R.; Yang, P. D. Lasing in robust cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2016, 113, 1993-1998.
Veldhuis, S. A.; Boix, P. P.; Yantara, N.; Li, M. J.; Sum, T. C.; Mathews, N.; Mhaisalkar, S. G. Perovskite materials for light-emitting diodes and lasers. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 6804-6834.
Eperon, G. E.; Leijtens, T.; Bush, K. A.; Prasanna, R.; Green, T.; Wang, J. T. -W.; McMeekin, D. P.; Volonakis, G.; Milot, R. L.; May, R. et al. Perovskite-perovskite tandem photovoltaics with optimized band gaps. Science 2016, 354, 861-865.
Kulbak, M.; Gupta, S.; Kedem, N.; Levine, I.; Bendikov, T.; Hodes, G.; Cahen, D. Cesium enhances long-term stability of lead bromide perovskite-based solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2016, 7, 167-172.
Saliba, M.; Matsui, T.; Seo, J. -Y.; Domanski, K.; Correa-Baena, J. -P.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Tress, W.; Abate, A.; Hagfeldt, A. et al. Cesium-containing triple cation perovskite solar cells: Improved stability, reproducibility and high efficiency. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9, 1989-1997.
Dou, L. T.; Yang, Y. M.; You, J. B.; Hong, Z. R.; Chang, W. -H.; Li, G.; Yang, Y. Solution-processed hybrid perovskite photodetectors with high detectivity. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 5404.
Protesescu, L.; Yakunin, S.; Bodnarchuk, M. I.; Krieg, F.; Caputo, R.; Hendon, C. H.; Yang, R. X.; Walsh, A.; Kovalenko, M. V. Nanocrystals of cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I): Novel optoelectronic materials showing bright emission with wide color gamut. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 3692-3696.
Ha, S. T.; Liu, X. F.; Zhang, Q.; Giovanni, D.; Sum, T. C.; Xiong, Q. H. Synthesis of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets: Towards high-performance perovskite solar cells and optoelectronic devices. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2014, 2, 838-844.
Zhang, D. D.; Eaton, S. W.; Yu, Y.; Dou, L. T.; Yang, P. D. Solution-phase synthesis of cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 9230-9233.
Yuan, Z.; Shu, Y.; Xin, Y.; Ma, B. W. Highly luminescent nanoscale quasi-2D layered lead bromide perovskites with tunable emissions. Chem. Commun. 2016, 52, 3887-3890.
Eperon, G. E.; Paternò, G. M.; Sutton, R. J.; Zampetti, A.; Haghighirad, A. A.; Cacialli, F.; Snaith, H. J. Inorganic caesium lead iodide perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 19688-19695.
Niu, G. D.; Guo, X. D.; Wang, L. D. Review of recent progress in chemical stability of perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 8970-8980.
Kulbak, M.; Cahen, D.; Hodes, G. How important is the organic part of lead halide perovskite photovoltaic cells? Efficient CsPbBr3 cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 2452-2456.
Li, Z.; Yang, M. J.; Park, J. -S.; Wei, S. -H.; Berry, J. J.; Zhu, K. Stabilizing perovskite structures by tuning tolerance factor: Formation of formamidinium and cesium lead iodide solid-state alloys. Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 284-292.
Beal, R. E.; Slotcavage, D. J.; Leijtens, T.; Bowring, A. R.; Belisle, R. A.; Nguyen, W. H.; Burkhard, G. F.; Hoke, E. T.; McGehee, M. D. Cesium lead halide perovskites with improved stability for tandem solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2016, 7, 746-751.
Luo, P. F.; Xia, W.; Zhou, S. W.; Sun, L.; Cheng, J. G.; Xu, C. X.; Lu, Y. W. Solvent engineering for ambient-air-processed, phase-stable CsPbI3 in perovskite solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2016, 7, 3603-3608.
deQuilettes, D. W.; Koch, S.; Burke, S.; Paranji, R. K.; Shropshire, A. J.; Ziffer, M. E.; Ginger, D. S. Photoluminescence lifetimes exceeding 8 μs and quantum yields exceeding 30% in hybrid perovskite thin films by ligand passivation. ACS Energy Lett. 2016, 1, 438-444.
Huang, H.; Chen, B. K.; Wang, Z. G.; Hung, T. F.; Susha, A. S.; Zhong, H. Z.; Rogach, A. L. Water resistant CsPbX3 nanocrystals coated with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and their use as solid state luminophores in all-perovskite white light-emitting devices. Chem. Sci. 2016, 7, 5699-5703.
Swarnkar, A.; Marshall, A. R.; Sanehira, E. M.; Chernomordik, B. D.; Moore, D. T.; Christians, J. A.; Chakrabarti, T.; Luther, J. M. Quantum dot-induced phase stabilization of α-CsPbI3 perovskite for high-efficiency photovoltaics. Science 2016, 354, 92-95.
Rempel, J. Y.; Trout, B. L.; Bawendi, M. G.; Jensen, K. F. Density functional theory study of ligand binding on CdSe (0001), (0001), and (1120) single crystal relaxed and reconstructed surfaces: Implications for nanocrystalline growth. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 18007-18016.
Schapotschnikow, P.; Hommersom, B.; Vlugt, T. J. H. Adsorption and binding of ligands to CdSe nanocrystals. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 12690-12698.
Chen, S. T.; Zhang, X. L.; Zhang, Q. H.; Tan, W. H. Trioctylphosphine as both solvent and stabilizer to synthesize CdS nanorods. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2009, 4, 1159-1165.
Okram, G. S.; Singh, J.; Kaurav, N.; Lalla, N. P. Trioctylphosphine as self-assembly inducer. Faraday Discuss 2015, 181, 211-223.
