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Research Article

Site-specific determination of TTR-related functional peptides by using scanning tunneling microscopy

Lanlan Yu1,3,4Yongfang Zheng1,3,4Jing Xu1,4Fuyang Qu1,4Yuchen Lin1,4Yimin Zou1,4Yanlian Yang1( )Sally L. Gras2( )Chen Wang1( )
CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

For the design and optimization of functional peptides, unravelling the structures of individual building blocks as well as the properties of the ensemble is paramount. TTR1, derived from human transthyretin, is a fibril-forming peptide implicated in diseases such as familial amyloid polyneuropathy and senile systemic amyloidosis. The functional peptide TTR1-RGD, based on a TTR1 scaffold, was designed to specifically interact with cells. Here, we used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to analyze the assembly structures of TTR1-related peptides with both the reverse sequence and the modified forward sequence. The sitespecific analyses show the following: ⅰ) The TTR1 peptide is involved in assembly, nearly covering the entire length within the ordered β-sheet structures. ⅱ) For TTR1-RGD peptide assemblies, the TTR1 motif forms the ordered β-sheet while the RGDS motif adopts a flexible conformation allowing it to promote cell adhesion. The key site is clearly identified as the linker residue Gly13. ⅲ) Close inspection of the forward and reverse peptide assemblies show that in spite of the difference in chemistry, they display similar assembling characteristics, illustrating the robust nature of these peptides. iv) Glycine linker residues are included in the β-strands, which strongly suggests that the sequence could be optimized by adding more linker residues. These garnered insights into the assembled structures of these peptides help unravel the mechanism driving peptide assemblies and instruct the rational design and optimization of sequenceprogrammed peptide architectures.

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Nano Research
Pages 577-585
Cite this article:
Yu L, Zheng Y, Xu J, et al. Site-specific determination of TTR-related functional peptides by using scanning tunneling microscopy. Nano Research, 2018, 11(1): 577-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1825-7

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Received: 15 June 2017
Revised: 12 August 2017
Accepted: 25 August 2017
Published: 21 September 2017
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017
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