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Research Article

Single-step flash-heat synthesis of red phosphorus/graphene flame-retardant composite as flexible anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Yihang Liu1, Anyi Zhang2, Chenfei Shen2, Qingzhou Liu2, Jiansong Cai2, Xuan Cao2, Chongwu Zhou1( )
Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia90089USA
Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia90089USA
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Red phosphorus (RP) has attracted considerable attention as the anode for high-performance Na-ion batteries, owing to its low cost and high theoretical specific capacity of ~ 2, 600 mAh/g. In this study, a facile single-step flash-heat treatment was developed to achieve the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and the simultaneous deposition of RP onto the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. The resulting RP/rGO composite was shown to be a promising candidate for overcoming the issues associated with the poor electronic conductivity and large volume variation of RP during cycling. The RP/rGO flexible film anode delivered an average capacity of 1, 625 mAh/g during 200 cycles at a charge/discharge current density of 1 A/g. Average charge capacities of 1, 786, 1, 597, 1, 324, and 679 mAh/g at 1, 2, 4, and 6 A/g current densities were obtained in the rate capability tests. Moreover, owing to the RP component, the RP/rGO film presented superior flame retardancy compared to an rGO film. This work thus introduces a highly accessible synthesis method to prepare flexible and safe RP anodes with superior electrochemical performance toward Na-ion storage.

Keywords

sodium-ion batteriesred phosphorusfacile synthesisflexibleflame-retardantreduced graphene oxide

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Nano Research
Volume 11 Issue 7,
July 2018
Pages 3780-3790
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-017-1952-1
Cite this article:
Liu Y, Zhang A, Shen C, et al. Single-step flash-heat synthesis of red phosphorus/graphene flame-retardant composite as flexible anodes for sodium-ion batteries. Nano Research, 2018, 11(7): 3780-3790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1952-1

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Received: 06 September 2017
Revised: 18 October 2017
Accepted: 07 December 2017
Published: 02 August 2018
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2017
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