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Review Article

Development, applications, and future directions of triboelectric nanogenerators

Mingyuan Ma1,§Zhuo Kang1,§Qingliang Liao1( )Qian Zhang1Fangfang Gao1Xuan Zhao1Zheng Zhang1Yue Zhang1,2( )
State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China
Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials and TechnologiesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China

§Mingyuan Ma and Zhuo Kang contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Since the invention of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) in 2012, it has become one of the most vital innovations in energy harvesting technologies. The TENG has seen enormous progress to date, particularly in applications for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. It starts with the simple working principles of the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction, but can scavenge almost any kind of ambient mechanical energy in our daily life into electricity. Extraordinary output performance optimization of the TENG has been achieved, with high area power density and energy conversion efficiency. Moreover, TENGs can also be utilized as self-powered active sensors to monitor many environmental parameters. This review describes the recent progress in mainstream energy harvesting and self-powered sensing research based on TENG technology. The birth and development of the TENG are introduced, following which structural designs and performance optimizations for output performance enhancement of the TENG are discussed. The major applications of the TENG as a sustainable power source or a self-powered sensor are presented. The TENG, with rationally designed structures, can convert irregular and mostly low-frequency mechanical energies from the environment, such as human motion, mechanical vibration, moving automobiles, wind, raindrops, and ocean waves. In addition, the development of self-powered active sensors for a variety of environmental simulations based on the TENG is presented. The TENG plays a great role in promoting the development of emerging Internet of Things, which can make everyday objects connect more smartly and energy-efficiently in the coming years. Finally, the future directions and perspectives of the TENG are outlined. The TENG is not only a sustainable micro-power source for small devices, but also serves as a potential macro-scale generator of power from water waves in the future.

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Nano Research
Pages 2951-2969
Cite this article:
Ma M, Kang Z, Liao Q, et al. Development, applications, and future directions of triboelectric nanogenerators. Nano Research, 2018, 11(6): 2951-2969. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-1997-9
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Received: 21 November 2017
Revised: 02 January 2018
Accepted: 16 January 2018
Published: 22 May 2018
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
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