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Research Article

Aggregation-induced emission luminogen-assisted stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy for super-resolution mitochondrial visualization in live cells

Dongyu Li1,§, Xiang Ni2,§, Xiaoyan Zhang2, Liwei Liu3, Junle Qu3( ), Dan Ding2,4( ), Jun Qian1( )
State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences Nankai UniversityTianjin300071China
Key Laboratory of Optoelectrical Devices and Systems Ministry of Education Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy Cancer Institute Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou221004China

§Dongyu Li and Xiang Ni contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) are fluorescent agents that are ideal for bioimaging and have been widely used for organelle targeting, cellular mapping, and tracing. Owing to their promising characteristics, AIEgen-based nanoparticles have recently been used for the stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution imaging of fixed cells. In the present study, and for the first time, we used an AIEgen for dynamic STED nanoscopic imaging of a specific organelle in live cancer cells. TPA-T-CyP is a synthetic red & NIR-emitting luminogen with AIE features that can spontaneously and specifically aggregate on mitochondria without the need for encapsulation or surface modification. The STED efficiency of aggregated TPA-T-CyP can reach more than 80%, and super-resolution imaging of TPA-T-CyP-stained mitochondria in live HeLa cells is possible, with a lateral spatial resolution of 74 nm. We found that TPA-T-CyP enabled the dynamic visualization of mitochondria, and the motion, fusion, and fission of mitochondria were clearly observable on a super-resolution scale. AIEgen-based super-resolution organelle visualization has great potential for many basic biomedical studies.

Keywords

aggregation-induced emissionstimulated emission depletion nanoscopymitochondriadynamic visualization

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Nano Research
Volume 11 Issue 11,
November 2018
Pages 6023-6033
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-018-2118-5
Cite this article:
Li D, Ni X, Zhang X, et al. Aggregation-induced emission luminogen-assisted stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy for super-resolution mitochondrial visualization in live cells. Nano Research, 2018, 11(11): 6023-6033. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-2118-5

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Received: 20 April 2018
Revised: 29 May 2018
Accepted: 30 May 2018
Published: 25 June 2018
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
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