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Review Article

Nano functional neural interfaces

Yongchen Wang1,§Hanlin Zhu2,§Huiran Yang3,4,§Aaron D. Argall5Lan Luan2Chong Xie2( )Liang Guo3,6( )
Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus43210USA
Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Texas at AustinAustin78712USA
Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus43210USA
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
Biomedical Sciences Graduate ProgramThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus43210USA
Department of NeuroscienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus43210USA

§Yongchen Wang, Hanlin Zhu and Huiran Yang contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Engineered functional neural interfaces (fNIs) serve as essential abiotic–biotic transducers between an engineered system and the nervous system. They convert external physical stimuli to cellular signals in stimulation mode or read out biological processes in recording mode. Information can be exchanged using electricity, light, magnetic fields, mechanical forces, heat, or chemical signals. fNIs have found applications for studying processes in neural circuits from cell cultures to organs to whole organisms. fNI-facilitated signal transduction schemes, coupled with easily manipulable and observable external physical signals, have attracted considerable attention in recent years. This enticing field is rapidly evolving toward miniaturization and biomimicry to achieve long-term interface stability with great signal transduction efficiency. Not only has a new generation of neuroelectrodes been invented, but the use of advanced fNIs that explore other physical modalities of neuromodulation and recording has begun to increase. This review covers these exciting developments and applications of fNIs that rely on nanoelectrodes, nanotransducers, or bionanotransducers to establish an interface with the nervous system. These nano fNIs are promising in offering a high spatial resolution, high target specificity, and high communication bandwidth by allowing for a high density and count of signal channels with minimum material volume and area to dramatically improve the chronic integration of the fNI to the target neural tissue. Such demanding advances in nano fNIs will greatly facilitate new opportunities not only for studying basic neuroscience but also for diagnosing and treating various neurological diseases.

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Nano Research
Pages 5065-5106
Cite this article:
Wang Y, Zhu H, Yang H, et al. Nano functional neural interfaces. Nano Research, 2018, 11(10): 5065-5106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-2127-4
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Received: 15 March 2018
Revised: 05 June 2018
Accepted: 06 June 2018
Published: 10 July 2018
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
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