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Research Article

High areal capacity flexible sulfur cathode based on multi-functionalized super-aligned carbon nanotubes

Lujie Jia1, Jian Wang2, Zijin Chen3, Yipeng Su1, Wei Zhao1, Datao Wang1, Yang Wei1, Kaili Jiang1, Jiaping Wang1, Yang Wu1, Jia Li3, Wenhui Duan1, Shoushan Fan1, Yuegang Zhang1,2( )
State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China;
i-Lab,Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Suzhou,215123,China;
Laboratory for Computational Materials Engineering Division of Energy and Environment,Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University,Shenzhen,518055,China;
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Rational design of a robust carbon matrix has a profound impact on the performance of flexible/wearable lithium/sulfur batteries. Herein, we demonstrate a freestanding three-dimensional super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) matrix reinforced with a multi-functionalized carbon coating for flexible, high-areal sulfur loading cathode. By employing the sulfur/nitrogen co-doped carbon (SNC) "glue", the joints in the SACNT scaffold are tightly welded together so that the overall mechanical strength of the electrode is significantly enhanced to withstand the repeated bending as well as the volume change during operation. The SNC also shows intriguing catalytic effect that lowers the energy barrier of Li ion transport, propelling a superior redox conversion efficiency. The resulting binder-free and current collector-free sulfur cathode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1, 079 mAh·g-1 at 1 C, a high-rate capacity of ~ 800 mAh·g-1 at 5 C, and an average capacity decay rate of 0.037% per cycle at 2 C for 1, 500 cycles. Impressively, a large-areal flexible Li/S pouch cell based on such mechanically robust cathode exhibits excellent capacity retention under arbitrary bending conditions. With a high areal sulfur loading of 7 mg·cm-2, the large-areal flexible cathode delivers an outstanding areal capacity of 6.3 mAh·cm-2 at 0.5 C (5.86 mA·cm-2), showing its promise for realizing practical high energy density flexible Li/S batteries.

Keywords

lithium/sulfur batteryflexible electrodemulti-functional carbon gluehigh areal capacity

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Nano Research
Volume 12 Issue 5,
May 2019
Pages 1105-1113
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-019-2356-1
Cite this article:
Jia L, Wang J, Chen Z, et al. High areal capacity flexible sulfur cathode based on multi-functionalized super-aligned carbon nanotubes. Nano Research, 2019, 12(5): 1105-1113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2356-1
Topics:
Carbon nanotubesIon batteriesLithiumSulfur

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Received: 03 November 2018
Revised: 20 February 2019
Accepted: 21 February 2019
Published: 28 March 2019
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
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