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CuInS2 semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit large absorption coefficient, size-dependent photoluminescence and low toxicity, making them excellent candidates in a variety of bioapplications. However, precise control of both their composition and morphology to improve the luminescent efficiency remains a great challenge via conventional direct synthesis. Herein, we present a novel low-temperature template synthesis of highly efficient luminescent CuInS2 nanoprobes from In2S3 NCs via a facile cation exchange strategy. The proposed strategy enables synthesis of a series of CuInS2 NCs with broad size tunability from 2.2 to 29.6 nm. Through rationally manipulating the stoichiometry of Cu/In, highly efficient luminescence of CuInS2 with the maximum quantum yield of 28.6% has been achieved, which is about one order of magnitude improvement relative to that of directly synthesized NCs. By virtue of the intense emission of CuInS2 nanoprobes, we exemplify their application in sensitive homogeneous biodetection for an important biomolecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with the limit of detection down to 49.3 nM. Moreover, the CuInS2 nanoprobes are explored for ATP-targeted cancer cell imaging, thus revealing their great potentials in the field of cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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