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Research Article

Mitigation of voltage decay in Li-rich layered oxides as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Wenhui Hu1, Youxiang Zhang1,2( ), Ling Zan1, Hengjiang Cong1( )
College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Abstract

Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) have been extensively studied as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by researchers all over the world in the past decades due to their high specific capacities and high charge-discharge voltages. However, as cathode materials LLOs have disadvantages of significant voltage and capacity decays during the charge-discharge cycling. It was shown in the past that fine-tuning of structures and compositions was critical to the performances of this kind of materials. In this report, LLOs with target composition of Li1.17Mn0.50Ni0.24Co0.09O2 were prepared by carbonate co-precipitation method with different pH values. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies (EIS) were used to investigate the structures and morphologies of the materials and to understand the improvements of their electrochemical performances. With the pH values increased from 7.5 to 8.5, the Li/Ni ratios in the compositions decreased from 5.17 to 4.64, and the initial coulombic efficiency, cycling stability and average discharge voltages were gained impressively. Especially, the material synthesized at pH = 8.5 delivered a reversible discharge capacity of 263 mAh·g-1 during the first cycle, with 79.0% initial coulombic efficiency, at the rate of 0.1 C and a superior capacity retention of 94% after 100 cycles at the rate of 1 C. Furthermore, this material exhibited an initial average discharge voltage of 3.65 V, with a voltage decay of only 0.09 V after 50 charge-discharge cycles. The improved electrochemical performances by varying the pH values in the synthesis process can be explained by the mitigation of layered-to-spinel phase transformation and the reduction of solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) resistance. We hope this work can shed some light on the alleviation of voltage and capacity decay issues of the LLOs cathode materials.

Keywords

lithium ion batteriescathodelithium-rich layered oxidesvoltage decayLi1.17Mn0.50Ni0.24Co0.09O2

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Nano Research
Volume 13 Issue 1,
January 2020
Pages 151-159
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-019-2588-0
Cite this article:
Hu W, Zhang Y, Zan L, et al. Mitigation of voltage decay in Li-rich layered oxides as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Nano Research, 2020, 13(1): 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2588-0
Topics:
CathodesIonsLithium compoundsManganese compoundsNickel compoundsScanning electron microscopyTransmission electron microscopyX-ray powder diffraction

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Received: 06 October 2019
Revised: 25 November 2019
Accepted: 28 November 2019
Published: 14 December 2019
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
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