AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Nano Research Article
Article Link
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article

Unadulterated carbon as robust multifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting and oxygen transformation

Fantao Kong, Yu Qiao, Chaoqi Zhang, Xiaohong Fan, Aiguo Kong( ), Yongkui Shan( )
School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Developing the highly efficient and durable non-precious metal electrocatalysts by taking advantage of inexpensive and abundant resources is of paramount importance for the widespread application of energy conversion and storage techniques such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Herein, the sponge-like unadulterated carbontube-graphene complexes (D/G-CTs-1,000) with multifarious intrinsic defect active sites are fabricated by boric acid-hydrothermal and pyrolysis treatments. The close contact or juncture between open nanotubes and few-layer graphene in D/G-CTs-1,000 constructs the hierarchical networks with plentiful channels, the larger surface area and outstanding conductivity. As a result, the as-prepared D/G-CTs-1,000 electrocatalyst exhibits an excellent trifunctional electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The primary Zn-air batteries and overall water splitting system using D/G-CTs-1,000 as the electrode materials delivers higher power density outperforming the advanced Pt/C-based batteries and the overall water splitting performance comparable to those using the non-precious metal/carbon-based materials as electrode. This work provides a universal and efficient synthetic strategy to produce the unadulterated carbons with high activity and long-time durability as trifunctional electrocatalysts and promote the widespread applications of metal-free electrocatalysts in sustainable energy conversion technology.

Keywords

boric acid-splicingunadulterated carbonelectrocatalysisrechargeable Zn-air batteryoverall water splitting

Electronic Supplementary Material

Download File(s)
12274_2020_2622_MOESM2_ESM.pdf (2.6 MB)

References

[1]
Steele, B. C. H.; Heinzel, A. Materials for fuel-cell technologies. Nature 2001, 414, 345-352.
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]
Liu, X. E.; Dai, L. M. Carbon-based metal-free catalysts. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2016, 1, 16064.
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]
Zhu, J. W.; Huang, Y. P.; Mei, W. C.; Zhao, C. Y.; Zhang, C. T.; Zhang, J.; Amiinu, I. S.; Mu, S. C. Effects of intrinsic pentagon defects on electrochemical reactivity of carbon nanomaterials. Angew. Chem. 2019, 131, 3899-3904.
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]
Yu, J. Y.; Li, G. X.; Liu, H.; Zeng, L. L.; Zhao, L. L.; Jia, J.; Zhang, M. Y.; Zhou, W. J.; Liu, H.; Hu, Y. Y. Electrochemical flocculation integrated hydrogen evolution reaction of Fe@N-doped carbon nanotubes on iron foam for ultralow voltage electrolysis in neutral media. Adv. Sci. 2019, 6, 1901458.
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]
Zhou, W. J.; Jia, J.; Lu, J.; Yang, L. J.; Hou, D. M.; Li, G. Q.; Chen, S. W. Recent developments of carbon-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Nano Energy 2016, 28, 29-43.
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]
Xu, H. M.; Ci, S. Q.; Ding, Y. C.; Wang, G. X.; Wen, Z. H. Recent advances in precious metal-free bifunctional catalysts for electrochemical conversion systems. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 8006-8029.
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]
Zhang, J.; Sun, Y. M.; Zhu, J. W.; Kou, Z. K.; Hu, P.; Liu, L.; Li, S. Z.; Mu, S. C.; Huang, Y. H. Defect and pyridinic nitrogen engineering of carbon-based metal-free nanomaterial toward oxygen reduction. Nano Energy 2018, 52, 307-314.
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]
Wu, X.; Meng, G.; Liu, W. X.; Li, T.; Yang, Q.; Sun, X. M.; Liu, J. F. Metal-organic framework-derived, Zn-doped porous carbon polyhedra with enhanced activity as bifunctional catalysts for rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Nano Res. 2018, 11, 163-173.
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]
Aricò, A. S.; Bruce, P.; Scrosati, B.; Tarascon, J. M.; van Schalkwijk, W. Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 366-377.
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]
Wang, X. Q.; He, J. R.; Yu, B.; Sun, B. C.; Yang, D. X.; Zhang, X. J.; Zhang, Q. H.; Zhang, W. L.; Gu, L.; Chen, Y. F. CoSe2 nanoparticles embedded MOF-derived Co-N-C nanoflake arrays as efficient and stable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2019, 258, 117996.
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]
Zhou, W. J.; Lu, J.; Zhou, K.; Yang, L. J.; Ke, Y. T.; Tang, Z. H.; Chen, S. W. CoSe2 nanoparticles embedded defective carbon nanotubes derived from MOFs as efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Nano Energy 2016, 28, 143-150.
Google Scholar
[12]
Zhou, Y. C.; Leng, Y. H.; Zhou, W. J.; Huang, J. L.; Zhao, M. W.; Zhan, J.; Feng, C. H.; Tang, Z. H.; Chen, S. W.; Liu, H. Sulfur and nitrogen self-doped carbon nanosheets derived from peanut root nodules as high-efficiency non-metal electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Nano Energy 2015, 16, 357-366.
Google Scholar
[13]
Cai, P. W.; Li, Y.; Wang, G. X.; Wen, Z. H. Alkaline-acid Zn-H2O fuel cell for the simultaneous generation of hydrogen and electricity. Angew. Chem. 2018, 130, 3974-3979.
Google Scholar
[14]
Kong, F. T.; Fan, X. H.; Kong, A. G.; Zhou, Z. Q.; Zhang, X. Y.; Shan, Y. K. Covalent phenanthroline framework derived FeS@Fe3C composite nanoparticles embedding in N-S-codoped carbons as highly efficient trifunctional electrocatalysts. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1803973.
Google Scholar
[15]
Paul, R.; Zhu, L.; Chen, H.; Qu, J.; Dai, L. M. Recent advances in carbon-based metal-free electrocatalysts. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1806403.
Google Scholar
[16]
Lu, Y. J.; Hou, W. Q.; Yang, D. X.; Chen, Y. F. CoP nanosheets in-situ grown on N-doped graphene as an efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Electrochim. Acta 2019, 307, 543-552.
Google Scholar
[17]
Dai, L. M.; Xue, Y. H.; Qu, L. T.; Choi, H. J.; Baek, J. B. Metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 4823-4892.
Google Scholar
[18]
Shi, Q.; Wang, Y. D.; Wang, Z. M.; Lei, Y. P.; Wang, B.; Wu, N.; Han, C.; Xie, S.; Gou, Y. Z. Three-dimensional (3D) interconnected networks fabricated via in-situ growth of N-doped graphene/carbon nanotubes on co-containing carbon nanofibers for enhanced oxygen reduction. Nano Res. 2016, 9, 317-328.
Google Scholar
[19]
Wang, H. Q.; Wang, X. Q.; Yang, D. X.; Zheng, B. J.; Chen, Y. F. Co0.85Se hollow nanospheres anchored on N-doped graphene nanosheets as highly efficient, nonprecious electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in both acid and alkaline media. J. Power Sources 2018, 400, 232-241.
Google Scholar
[20]
Hu, Y.; Yu, B.; Li, W. X.; Ramadoss, M.; Chen, Y. F. W2C nanodot-decorated CNT networks as a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in acidic and alkaline media. Nanoscale 2019, 11, 4876-4884.
Google Scholar
[21]
Lu, N.; Wang, L. Q.; Lv, M.; Tang, Z. S.; Fan, C. H. Graphene-based nanomaterials in biosystems. Nano Res. 2019, 12, 247-264.
Google Scholar
[22]
Zhang, M. T.; Chen, J. X.; Li, H.; Cai, P. W.; Li, Y.; Wen, Z. H. Ru-RuO2/CNT hybrids as high-activity pH-universal electrocatalysts for water splitting within 0.73 V in an asymmetric-electrolyte electrolyzer. Nano Energy 2019, 61, 576-583.
Google Scholar
[23]
Yan, X. C.; Jia, Y.; Odedairo, T.; Zhao, X. J.; Jin, Z.; Zhu, Z. H.; Yao, X. D. Activated carbon becomes active for oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions. Chem. Commun. 2016, 52, 8156-8159.
Google Scholar
[24]
Inagaki, M.; Toyoda, M.; Soneda, Y.; Morishita, T. Nitrogen-doped carbon materials. Carbon 2018, 132, 104-140.
Google Scholar
[25]
Qu, L. T.; Liu, Y.; Baek, J. B.; Dai, L. M. Nitrogen-doped graphene as efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction in fuel cells. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 1321-1326.
Google Scholar
[26]
Liu, L. Z.; Zeng, G.; Chen, J. X.; Bi, L. L.; Dai, L. M.; Wen, Z. H. N-doped porous carbon nanosheets as pH-universal ORR electrocatalyst in various fuel cell devices. Nano Energy 2018, 49, 393-402.
Google Scholar
[27]
Zhu, Y. W.; Murali, S.; Stoller, M. D.; Ganesh, K. J.; Cai, W. W.; Ferreira, P. J.; Pirkle, A.; Wallace, R. M.; Cychosz, K. A.; Thommes, M. et al. Carbon-based supercapacitors produced by activation of graphene. Science 2011, 332, 1537-1541.
Google Scholar
[28]
Zhang, L. Z.; Jia, Y.; Gao, G. P.; Yan, X. C.; Chen, N.; Chen, J.; Soo, M. T.; Wood, B.; Yang, D. J.; Du, A. J. et al. Graphene defects trap atomic Ni species for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Chem 2018, 4, 285-297.
Google Scholar
[29]
Ortiz-Medina, J.; Wang, Z. P.; Cruz-Silva, R.; Morelos-Gomez, A.; Wang, F.; Yao, X. D.; Terrones, M.; Endo, M. Catalytic nanocarbons: Defect engineering and surface functionalization of nanocarbons for metal-free catalysis (Adv. Mater. 13/2019). Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1970096.
Google Scholar
[30]
Kong, F. T.; Qiao, Y.; Zhang, C. Q.; Li, R. J.; Cheng, T. T.; Kong, A. G.; Shan, Y. K. Bimetallic Ni-Co composites anchored on a wool ball-like carbon framework as high-efficiency bifunctional electrodes for rechargeable Zn-air batteries. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2019, 9, 3469-3481.
Google Scholar
[31]
Fan, X. H.; Kong, F. T.; Kong, A. G.; Chen, A. L.; Zhou, Z. Q.; Shan, Y. K. Covalent porphyrin framework-derived Fe2P@Fe4N-coupled nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbons as efficient trifunctional electrocatalysts. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 32840-32850.
Google Scholar
[32]
Jia, Y.; Zhang, L. Z.; Du, A. J.; Gao, G. P.; Chen, J.; Yan, X. C; Brown, C. L.; Yao, X. D. Defect graphene as a trifunctional catalyst for electrochemical reactions. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 9532-9538.
Google Scholar
[33]
Liu, Z. J.; Zhao, Z. H.; Wang, Y. Y.; Dou, S.; Yan, D. F; Liu, D. D.; Xia, Z. H.; Wang, S. Y. In situ exfoliated, edge-rich, oxygen-functionalized graphene from carbon fibers for oxygen electrocatalysis. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1606207.
Google Scholar
[34]
Sun, T.; Zhang, G. Q.; Xu, D.; Lian, X.; Li, H. X.; Chen, W.; Su, C. L. Defect chemistry in 2D materials for electrocatalysis. Mater. Today Energy 2019, 12, 215-238.
Google Scholar
[35]
Yan, X. C.; Jia, Y.; Yao, X. D. Defects on carbons for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 7628-7658.
Google Scholar
[36]
Xue, L. F.; Li, Y. C.; Liu, X. F.; Liu, Q. T.; Shang, J. X.; Duan, H. P.; Dai, L. M.; Shui, J. L. Zigzag carbon as efficient and stable oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 3819.
Google Scholar
[37]
Tang, C.; Wang, H. F.; Chen, X.; Li, B. Q.; Hou, T. Z.; Zhang, B. S.; Zhang, Q.; Titirici, M. M.; Wei, F. Topological defects in metal-free nanocarbon for oxygen electrocatalysis. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 6845-6851.
Google Scholar
[38]
Zhang, L. P.; Xu, Q.; Niu, J. B.; Xia, Z. H. Role of lattice defects in catalytic activities of graphene clusters for fuel cells. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2015, 17, 16733-16743.
Google Scholar
[39]
Xu, L.; Jiang, Q. Q.; Xiao, Z. H.; Li, X. Y.; Huo, J.; Wang, S. Y.; Dai, L. M. Plasma-engraved Co3O4 nanosheets with oxygen vacancies and high surface area for the oxygen evolution reaction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 5277-5281.
Google Scholar
[40]
Jiang, Y. F.; Yang, L. J.; Sun, T.; Zhao, J.; Lyu, Z. Y.; Zhuo, O.; Wang, X. Z.; Wu, Q.; Ma, J.; Hu, Z. Significant contribution of intrinsic carbon defects to oxygen reduction activity. ACS Catal. 2015, 5, 6707-6712.
Google Scholar
[41]
Chen, Z. P.; Ren, W. C.; Gao, L. B.; Liu, B. L.; Pei, S. F.; Cheng, H. M. Three-dimensional flexible and conductive interconnected graphene networks grown by chemical vapour deposition. Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 424-428.
Google Scholar
[42]
Ding, Y. L.; Kopold, P.; Hahn, K.; van Aken, P. A.; Maier, J.; Yu, Y. Facile solid-state growth of 3D well-interconnected nitrogen-rich carbon nanotube-graphene hybrid architectures for lithium-sulfur batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 1112-1119.
Google Scholar
[43]
Wang, G. X.; Yang, J.; Park, J.; Gou, X. L.; Wang, B.; Liu, H.; Yao, J. Facile synthesis and characterization of graphene nanosheets. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 8192-8195.
Google Scholar
[44]
Jia, N.; Weng, Q.; Shi, Y. R.; Shi, X. Y.; Chen, X. B.; Chen, P.; An, Z. W.; Chen, Y. N-doped carbon nanocages: Bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. Nano Res. 2018, 11, 1905-1916.
Google Scholar
[45]
Lu, S. Y.; Jin, M.; Zhang, Y.; Niu, Y. B.; Gao, J. C.; Li, C. M. Chemically exfoliating biomass into a graphene-like porous active carbon with rational pore structure, good conductivity, and large surface area for high-performance supercapacitors. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1702545.
Google Scholar
[46]
Xu, B.; Yue, S. F.; Sui, Z. Y.; Zhang, X. T.; Hou, S. S.; Cao, G. P.; Yang, Y. S. What is the choice for supercapacitors: Graphene or graphene oxide? Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 2826-2830.
Google Scholar
[47]
Fan, L. Z.; Qiao, S. Y.; Song, W. L.; Wu, M.; He, X. B.; Qu, X. H. Effects of the functional groups on the electrochemical properties of ordered porous carbon for supercapacitors. Electrochim. Acta 2013, 105, 299-304.
Google Scholar
[48]
Fan, L. Z.; Liu, J. L.; Ud-Din, R.; Yan, X. Q.; Qu, X. H. The effect of reduction time on the surface functional groups and supercapacitive performance of graphene nanosheets. Carbon 2012, 50, 3724-3730.
Google Scholar
[49]
Osborn, T. H.; Farajian, A. A. Silicene nanoribbons as carbon monoxide nanosensors with molecular resolution. Nano Res. 2014, 7, 945-952.
Google Scholar
[50]
van Tam, T.; Kang, S. G.; Babu, K. F.; Oh, E. S.; Lee, S. G.; Choi, W. M. Synthesis of B-doped graphene quantum dots as a metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction. J. Mater. Chem. A 2017, 5, 10537-10543.
Google Scholar
[51]
Cai, P. W.; Peng, X. X.; Huang, J. H.; Jia, J. C.; Hu, X.; Wen, Z. H. Covalent organic frameworks derived hollow structured N-doped noble carbon for asymmetric-electrolyte Zn-air battery. Sci. China Chem. 2019, 62, 385-392.
Google Scholar
[52]
Zhang, H.; Qiao, H.; Wang, H. Y.; Zhou, N.; Chen, J. J.; Tang, Y. G.; Li, J. S.; Huang, C. H. Nickel cobalt oxide/carbon nanotubes hybrid as a high-performance electrocatalyst for metal/air battery. Nanoscale 2014, 6, 10235-10242.
Google Scholar
[53]
Jin, H. Y.; Wang, J.; Su, D. F.; Wei, Z. Z.; Pang, Z. F.; Wang, Y. In situ cobalt-cobalt oxide/N-doped carbon hybrids as superior bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 2688-2694.
Google Scholar
[54]
Huang, S. Y.; Ganesan, P.; Park, S.; Popov, B. N. Development of a titanium dioxide-supported platinum catalyst with ultrahigh stability for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 13898-13899.
Google Scholar
[55]
Liu, L.; Yang, X. F.; Ma, N.; Liu, H. T.; Xia, Y. Z.; Chen, C. M.; Yang, D. J.; Yao, X. D. Scalable and cost-effective synthesis of highly efficient Fe2N-based oxygen reduction catalyst derived from seaweed biomass. Small 2016, 12, 1295-1301.
Google Scholar
[56]
Wang, X. Q.; Chen, Y. F.; Yu, B.; Wang, Z. G.; Wang, H. Q.; Sun, B. C.; Li, W. X.; Yang, D. X.; Zhang, W. L. Hierarchically porous W-doped CoP nanoflake arrays as highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for pH-universal hydrogen evolution. Small 2019, 15, 1902613.
Google Scholar
[57]
Wang, H. Q.; Wang, X. Q.; Zheng, B. J.; Yang, D. X.; Zhang, W. L.; Chen, Y. F. Self-assembled Ni2P/FeP heterostructural nanoparticles embedded in N-doped graphene nanosheets as highly efficient and stable multifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting. Electrochim. Acta 2019, 318, 449-459.
Google Scholar
[58]
Li, Y. X.; Liang, L.; Liu, C. P.; Li, Y.; Xing, W.; Sun, J. Q. Self-healing proton-exchange membranes composed of nafion-poly(vinyl alcohol) complexes for durable direct methanol fuel cells. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1707146.
Google Scholar
[59]
Li, Z. H.; Shao, M. F.; Yang, Q. H.; Tang, Y.; Wei, M.; Evans, D. G.; Duan, X. Directed synthesis of carbon nanotube arrays based on layered double hydroxides toward highly-efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis. Nano Energy 2017, 37, 98-107.
Google Scholar
[60]
Chen, S.; Zhao, L. L.; Ma, J. Z.; Wang, Y. Q.; Dai, L. M.; Zhang, J. T. Edge-doping modulation of N, P-codoped porous carbon spheres for high-performance rechargeable Zn-air batteries. Nano Energy 2019, 60, 536-544.
Google Scholar
[61]
Tong, J. H.; Ma, W. M.; Bo, L. L.; Li, T.; Li, W. Y.; Li, Y. L.; Zhang, Q. Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres as highly effective multifunctional electrocatalysts for fuel cells, Zn-air batteries, and water-splitting electrolyzers. J. Power Sources 2019, 441, 227166.
Google Scholar
[62]
Ma, Z.; Wang, K. X.; Qiu, Y. F.; Liu, X. Z.; Cao, C. Y.; Feng, Y. J.; Hu, P. A. Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped porous carbon derived from bio-waste as a promising electrocatalyst for zinc-air battery. Energy 2018, 143, 43-55.
Google Scholar
[63]
Han, H. J.; Chao, S. J.; Bai, Z. Y.; Wang, X. B.; Yang, X. L.; Qiao, J. L.; Chen, Z. W.; Yang, L. Metal-organic-framework-derived Co nanoparticles deposited on N-doped bimodal mesoporous carbon nanorods as efficient bifunctional catalysts for rechargeable zinc-air batteries. ChemElectroChem 2018, 5, 1868-1873.
Google Scholar
[64]
Wu, M. C.; Li, C. L.; Liu, R. Freestanding 1D hierarchical porous Fe-N-doped carbon nanofibers as efficient oxygen reduction catalysts for Zn-air batteries. Energy Technol. 2019, 7, 1800790.
Google Scholar
[65]
Li, T. T.; Lu, Y. X.; Zhao, S. S.; Gao, Z. D.; Song, Y. Y. Co3O4-doped Co/CoFe nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon shells as bifunctional electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn-air batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 3730-3737.
Google Scholar
[66]
Qu, K. G.; Zheng, Y.; Dai, S.; Qiao, S. Z. Graphene oxide-polydopamine derived N, S-codoped carbon nanosheets as superior bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution. Nano Energy 2016, 19, 373-381.
Google Scholar
[67]
Yin, J.; Li, Y. X.; Lv, F.; Lu, M.; Sun, K.; Wang, W.; Wang, L.; Cheng, F. Y.; Li, Y. F.; Xi, P. X. Oxygen vacancies dominated NiS2/CoS2 interface porous nanowires for portable Zn-air batteries driven water splitting devices. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1704681.
Google Scholar
[68]
Zhang, X. Y.; Liu, J. X.; Qiao, Y.; Kong, A. G.; Li, R. J.; Shan, Y. K. Fe-boosting Sn-based dual-shell nanostructures from new covalent porphyrin frameworks as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and zinc-air batteries. Electrochim. Acta 2019, 320, 134593.
Google Scholar
[69]
Yang, H. B.; Miao, J. W.; Hung, S. F.; Chen, J. Z.; Tao, H. B.; Wang, X. Z.; Zhang, L. P.; Chen, R.; Gao, J. J.; Chen, H. M. et al. Identification of catalytic sites for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution in N-doped graphene materials: Development of highly efficient metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst. Sci. Adv. 2016, 2, e1501122.
Google Scholar
[70]
Meng, T.; Hao, Y. N.; Zheng, L. R.; Cao, M. H. Organophosphoric acid-derived CoP quantum dots@S,N-codoped graphite carbon as a trifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting and Zn-air batteries. Nanoscale 2018, 10, 14613-14626.
Google Scholar
[71]
Pan, Y.; Liu, S. J.; Sun, K. A.; Chen, X.; Wang, B.; Wu, K. L.; Cao, X.; Cheong, W. C.; Shen, R. A.; Han, A. J. et al. A bimetallic Zn/Fe polyphthalocyanine-derived single-atom Fe-N4 catalytic site: A superior trifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting and Zn-air batteries. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 8614-8618.
Google Scholar
[72]
Wang, B.; Xu, L.; Liu, G. P.; Zhang, P. F.; Zhu, W. S.; Xia, J. X.; Li, H. M. Biomass willow catkin-derived Co3O4/N-doped hollow hierarchical porous carbon microtubes as an effective tri-functional electrocatalyst. J. Mater. Chem. A 2017, 5, 20170-20179.
Google Scholar
[73]
Zhang, G.; Feng, Y. S.; Lu, W. T.; He, D.; Wang, C. Y.; Li, Y. K.; Wang, X. Y.; Cao, F. F. Enhanced catalysis of electrochemical overall water splitting in alkaline media by Fe doping in Ni3S2 nanosheet arrays. ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 5431-5441.
Google Scholar
[74]
Han, L. L.; Guo, L. M.; Dong, C. Q.; Zhang, C.; Gao, H.; Niu, J. Z.; Peng, Z. Q.; Zhang, Z. H. Ternary mesoporous cobalt-iron-nickel oxide efficiently catalyzing oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions and overall water splitting. Nano Res. 2019, 12, 2281-2287.
Google Scholar
Nano Research
Volume 13 Issue 2,
February 2020
Pages 401-411
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-2622-2
Cite this article:
Kong F, Qiao Y, Zhang C, et al. Unadulterated carbon as robust multifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting and oxygen transformation. Nano Research, 2020, 13(2): 401-411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2622-2
Topics:
Boric acidBoride coatingsElectrocatalysis ElectrocatalystsElectrodesElectrolysis Electrolytic reduction Fuel cellsFuel storageGrapheneHydrogen productionOxygenPrecious metals

820

Views

37

Crossref

N/A

Web of Science

33

Scopus

7

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 23 October 2019
Revised: 29 November 2019
Accepted: 21 December 2019
Published: 27 January 2020
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Return