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Research Article

A phenazine anode for high-performance aqueous rechargeable batteries in a wide temperature range

Tianjiang Sun1, Chang Liu1, Jiayue Wang2, Qingshun Nian1, Yazhi Feng1, Yan Zhang3, Zhanliang Tao1( ), Jun Chen1
Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China
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Abstract

Aqueous rechargeable batteries are a possible strategy for large-scale energy storage systems. However, limited choices of anode materials restrict their further application. Here we report phenazine (PNZ) as stable anode materials in different alkali-ion (Li+, Na+, K+) electrolyte. A novel full cell is assembled by phenazine anode, Na0.44MnO2 cathode and 10 M NaOH electrolyte to further explore the electrochemical performance of phenazine anode. This battery is able to achieve high capacity (176.7 mAh·g-1 at 4 C (1.2 A·g-1)), ultralong cycling life (capacity retention of 80% after 13,000 cycles at 4 C), and excellent rate capacity (92 mAh·g-1 at 100 C (30 A·g-1)). The reaction mechanism of PNZ during charge-discharge process is demonstrated by in situ Raman spectroscopy, in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, the system is able to successfully operate at wide temperature range from -20 to 70 °C and achieves remarkable electrochemical performance.

Keywords

aqueous rechargeable batteriesphenazineNa0.44MnO2alkali-ion electrolytewide temperature

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Nano Research
Volume 13 Issue 3,
March 2020
Pages 676-683
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-2674-3
Cite this article:
Sun T, Liu C, Wang J, et al. A phenazine anode for high-performance aqueous rechargeable batteries in a wide temperature range. Nano Research, 2020, 13(3): 676-683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2674-3
Topics:
AnodesDensity functional theoryElectrolytesFourier transform infrared spectroscopyManganese compoundsSodium hydroxideX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Received: 10 November 2019
Revised: 24 December 2019
Accepted: 23 January 2020
Published: 12 February 2020
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
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