Three-dimensional fuzzy graphene ultra-microelectrodes for sub-cellular electrical recordings

Sahil K. Rastogi; Jacqueline Bliley; Laura Matino; Raghav Garg; Francesca Santoro; Adam W. Feinberg; Tzahi Cohen-Karni

doi:10.1007/s12274-020-2695-y

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Research Article

Three-dimensional fuzzy graphene ultra-microelectrodes for sub-cellular electrical recordings

Sahil K. Rastogi^¹, Jacqueline Bliley^¹, Laura Matino^{²^,³}, Raghav Garg^⁴, Francesca Santoro^², Adam W. Feinberg^{¹^,⁴}, Tzahi Cohen-Karni^{¹^,⁴}(

)

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

2Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, 80125, Italy

3Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80125, Italy

4Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have enabled investigation of cellular networks at sub-millisecond temporal resolution. However, current MEAs are limited by the large electrode footprint since reducing the electrode’s geometric area to sub-cellular dimensions leads to a significant increase in impedance thus affecting its recording capabilities. We report a breakthrough ultra-microelectrodes platform by leveraging the outstanding surface-to-volume ratio of nanowire-templated out-of-plane synthesized three-dimensional fuzzy graphene (NT-3DFG). The enormous surface area of NT-3DFG leads to 140-fold reduction in electrode impedance compared to bare Au microelectrodes, thus enabling scaling down the geometric size by 625-fold to ca. 2 µm × 2 µm. The out-of-plane morphology of NT-3DFG leads to a tight seal with the cell membrane thus enabling recording of electrical signals with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of > 6. This work highlights the possibility to push the limits of the conventional MEA technology to enable electrophysiological investigation at sub-cellular level without the need of any surface coatings. This presented approach would greatly impact our basic understanding of signal transduction within a single cell as well as complex cellular assemblies.

Keywords

microelectrode array ultra-microelectrodes electrical recordings biocompatible hybrid-nanomaterial three-dimensional (3D) graphene cardiomyocytes

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12274_2020_2695_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (2.1 MB)

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Nano Research

Volume 13 Issue 5,
May 2020

Pages 1444-1452

DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-2695-y

Cite this article:

Rastogi SK, Bliley J, Matino L, et al. Three-dimensional fuzzy graphene ultra-microelectrodes for sub-cellular electrical recordings. Nano Research, 2020, 13(5): 1444-1452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2695-y

Topics:

Electrophysiology Graphene Morphology Signal transduction

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Received: 15 December 2019

Revised: 04 January 2020

Accepted: 03 February 2020

Published: 31 March 2020