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Review Article

Nanomaterials for radiotherapeutics-based multimodal synergistic cancer therapy

Xi Yang1, Ling Gao1, Qing Guo2, Yongjiang Li1, Yue Ma3, Ju Yang3, Changyang Gong1( ), Cheng Yi1( )
Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou 225300, China
Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Over the past decade, numerous studies have attempted to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy (external beam radiotherapy and internal radioisotope therapy) for cancer treatment. However, the low radiation absorption coefficient and radiation resistance of tumors remain major critical challenges for radiotherapy in the clinic. With the development of nanomedicine, nanomaterials in combination with radiotherapy offer the possibility to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy in tumors. Nanomaterials act not only as radiosensitizers to enhance radiation energy, but also as nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic units in combating radiation resistance. In this review, we discuss opportunities for a synergistic cancer therapy by combining radiotherapy based on nanomaterials designed for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, gas therapy, genetic therapy, and immunotherapy. We highlight how nanomaterials can be utilized to amplify antitumor radiation responses and describe cooperative enhancement interactions among these synergistic therapies. Moreover, the potential challenges and future prospects of radio-based nanomedicine to maximize their synergistic efficiency for cancer treatment are identified.

Keywords

cancer treatmentradiotherapysynergistic therapiesnanomaterials

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Nano Research
Volume 13 Issue 10,
October 2020
Pages 2579-2594
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-2722-z
Cite this article:
Yang X, Gao L, Guo Q, et al. Nanomaterials for radiotherapeutics-based multimodal synergistic cancer therapy. Nano Research, 2020, 13(10): 2579-2594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2722-z
Topics:
Chemotherapy DiseasesMedical nanotechnologyNanostructured materialsOncologyPetroleum prospectingTumors

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Received: 23 December 2019
Revised: 16 February 2020
Accepted: 17 February 2020
Published: 31 March 2020
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
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