Temperature-sensitive polymeric nanogels encapsulating with β-cyclodextrin and ICG complex for high-resolution deep-tissue ultrasound-switchable fluorescence imaging

Ruilin Liu; Tingfeng Yao; Yang Liu; Shuai Yu; Liqin Ren; Yi Hong; Kytai T. Nguyen; Baohong Yuan

doi:10.1007/s12274-020-2752-6

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Research Article

Temperature-sensitive polymeric nanogels encapsulating with β-cyclodextrin and ICG complex for high-resolution deep-tissue ultrasound-switchable fluorescence imaging

Ruilin Liu^{¹^,²^,^§}, Tingfeng Yao^{¹^,²^,^§}, Yang Liu^{¹^,²}, Shuai Yu^{¹^,²}, Liqin Ren^{¹^,²}, Yi Hong^{²^,³}, Kytai T. Nguyen^{²^,³}, Baohong Yuan^{¹^,²}(

)

1Ultrasound and Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

2Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, the University of Texas at Arlington and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA

3Department of Bioengineering, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

^§ Ruilin Liu and Tingfeng Yao contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

One of the thorny problems currently impeding the applications of the fluorescence imaging technique is the poor spatial resolution in deep tissue. Ultrasound-switchable fluorescence (USF) imaging is a novel imaging tool that has recently been explored to possibly surmount the above-mentioned bottleneck. Herein, a β-cyclodextrin/indocyanine green (ICG) complex-encapsulated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanogel was synthesized and studied for ex vivo/in vivo deep tissue/high-resolution near infrared USF (NIR-USF) imaging. To be specific, our results revealed that the average diameter of the as-prepared nanogels was significantly decreased to ~ 32 nm from ~ 335 nm compared to the reported ICG-PNIPAM nanoparticles. Additionally, the excitation/ emission characteristics of the ICG itself in present nanogels were almost completely retained, and the resultant nanogel exhibited high physiological stability and positive biocompatibility. In particular, the signal-to-noise ratio of the USF image for the PNIPAM/ β-cyclodextrin/ICG nanogel (33.01 ± 2.42 dB) was prominently higher than that of the ICG-PNIPAM nanoparticles (18.73 ± 0.33 dB) in 1.5-cm-thick chicken breast tissues. The NIR-USF imaging in 3.5-cm-thick chicken breast tissues was achieved using this new probe. The ex vivo NIR-USF imaging of the mouse liver was also successfully obtained. Animal experiments showed that the present nanogels were able to be effectively accumulated into U87 tumor-bearing mice via enhanced permeability and retention effects, and the high-resolution NIR-USF imaging of in vivo tumor was efficiently acquired. The metabolism and in vivo biodistribution of the nanogels were evaluated. Overall, the results suggest that the current nanogel is a highly promising NIR-USF probe for deep tissue and high-resolution USF imaging.

Keywords

deep tissue imaging high-resolution ultrasound-switchable NIR fluorescence imaging in vivo imaging

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Nano Research

Volume 13 Issue 4,
April 2020

Pages 1100-1110

DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-2752-6

Cite this article:

Liu R, Yao T, Liu Y, et al. Temperature-sensitive polymeric nanogels encapsulating with β-cyclodextrin and ICG complex for high-resolution deep-tissue ultrasound-switchable fluorescence imaging. Nano Research, 2020, 13(4): 1100-1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2752-6

Topics:

Biocompatibility Histology Infrared devices Mammals Medical imaging Nanoparticles Nanostructured materials Probes Tumors

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Received: 03 January 2020

Revised: 06 March 2020

Accepted: 07 March 2020

Published: 14 April 2020