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Research Article

Competing magnetic states in silicene and germanene 2D ferromagnets

Dmitry V. Averyanov1, Ivan S. Sokolov1, Mikhail S. Platunov2,†, Fabrice Wilhelm2, Andrei Rogalev2, Pierluigi Gargiani3, Manuel Valvidares3, Nicolas Jaouen4, Oleg E. Parfenov1, Alexander N. Taldenkov1, Igor A. Karateev1, Andrey M. Tokmachev1, Vyacheslav G. Storchak1()
National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Gyf-sur-Yvette 91192, France

† Present address: Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50, bld. 38, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia

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Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) magnets have recently developed into a class of stoichiometric materials with prospective applications in ultra-compact spintronics and quantum computing. Their functionality is particularly rich when different magnetic orders are competing in the same material. Metalloxenes REX2 (RE = Eu, Gd; X = Si, Ge), silicene or germanene—heavy counterparts of graphene—coupled with a layer of rare-earth metals, evolve from three-dimensional (3D) antiferromagnets in multilayer structures to 2D ferromagnets in a few monolayers. This evolution, however, does not lead to fully saturated 2D ferromagnetism, pointing at a possibility of coexisting/ competing magnetic states. Here, REX2 magnetism is explored with element-selective X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The measurements are carried out for GdSi2, EuSi2, GdGe2, and EuGe2 of different thicknesses down to 1 monolayer employing K absorption edges of Si and Ge as well as M and L edges of the rare-earths. They access the magnetic state in REX2 and determine the seat of magnetism, orbital, and spin contributions to the magnetic moment. High-field measurements probe remnants of the bulk antiferromagnetism in 2D REX2. The results provide a new platform for studies of complex magnetic structures in 2D materials.

Keywords

silicenegermanenetwo-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetismX-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD)monolayer

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Nano Research
Volume 13 Issue 12,
December 2020
Pages 3396-3402
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-3027-y
Cite this article:
Averyanov DV, Sokolov IS, Platunov MS, et al. Competing magnetic states in silicene and germanene 2D ferromagnets. Nano Research, 2020, 13(12): 3396-3402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3027-y
Topics:
Europium compoundsFerromagnetic materials FerromagnetismGadolinium compoundsGermanium compoundsMagnetsMonolayersRare earthsSilicon compounds
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