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Review Article

Recent applications and strategies in nanotechnology for lung diseases

Wenhao Zhong1,§, Xinyu Zhang1,§, Yunxin Zeng1, Dongjun Lin1( ), Jun Wu1,2( )
Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China

§ Wenhao Zhong and Xinyu Zhang contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

Lung diseases, including COVID-19 and lung cancers, is a huge threat to human health. However, for the treatment and diagnosis of various lung diseases, such as pneumonia, asthma, cancer, and pulmonary tuberculosis, are becoming increasingly challenging. Currently, several types of treatments and/or diagnostic methods are used to treat lung diseases; however, the occurrence of adverse reactions to chemotherapy, drug-resistant bacteria, side effects that can be significantly toxic, and poor drug delivery necessitates the development of more promising treatments. Nanotechnology, as an emerging technology, has been extensively studied in medicine. Several studies have shown that nano-delivery systems can significantly enhance the targeting of drug delivery. When compared to traditional delivery methods, several nanoparticle delivery strategies are used to improve the detection methods and drug treatment efficacy. Transporting nanoparticles to the lungs, loading appropriate therapeutic drugs, and the incorporation of intelligent functions to overcome various lung barriers have broad prospects as they can aid in locating target tissues and can enhance the therapeutic effect while minimizing systemic side effects. In addition, as a new and highly contagious respiratory infection disease, COVID-19 is spreading worldwide. However, there is no specific drug for COVID-19. Clinical trials are being conducted in several countries to develop antiviral drugs or vaccines. In recent years, nanotechnology has provided a feasible platform for improving the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, nanotechnology-based strategies may have broad prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. This article reviews the latest developments in nanotechnology drug delivery strategies in the lungs in recent years and studies the clinical application value of nanomedicine in the drug delivery strategy pertaining to the lung.

Keywords

lung diseasesdrug deliverynanoparticles

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Nano Research
Volume 14 Issue 7,
July 2021
Pages 2067-2089
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-3180-3
Cite this article:
Zhong W, Zhang X, Zeng Y, et al. Recent applications and strategies in nanotechnology for lung diseases. Nano Research, 2021, 14(7): 2067-2089. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3180-3
Topics:
Biological organsChemotherapy Controlled drug deliveryDiagnosisDiseasesDrug interactionsHealth risksMedical applicationsMedical nanotechnologyNanoparticles

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Received: 15 September 2020
Revised: 11 October 2020
Accepted: 11 October 2020
Published: 05 July 2021
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
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