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Research Article

Long-term exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles promotes diet-induced obesity through exacerbating intestinal mucus layer damage and microbiota dysbiosis

Xiaoqiang Zhu1,§, Lijun Zhao1,§, Zhi Liu2, Qibing Zhou1, Yanhong Zhu1 ( ), Yuliang Zhao3( ), Xiangliang Yang1( )
National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
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Abstract

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are commonly used as food additives, including some high-fat foods that are risk factors for obesity. However, little is known about the effects of chronic TiO2-NPs digestion in the population on high fat diet (HFD). Herein, we reported that TiO2-NPs exacerbated HFD-induced obesity by disruption of mucus layer and alterations of gut microbiota. Oral intake of TiO2-NPs significantly increased body weight, liver weight, and amount of adipose tissues, especially in HFD-fed mice. Mechanistic studies revealed TiO2-NPs induced colonic mucus layer disruption and obesity-related microbiota dysbiosis. The damage on mucus was demonstrated through down-regulation of Muc2 gene and the absorption of mucin protein by TiO2-NPs. Consequently, mucus layer damage combined microbiota dysbiosis escalated the low-grade systemic inflammation, which exacerbated HFD-induced obesity. In contrast, gut microbiota depletion eliminated these effects, indicating gut microbiota were necessary for TiO2-NPs-induced inflammation and obesity. All the results stated the alarming role of TiO2-NPs in the HFD-driven obesity and emphasized the reevaluating the health impacts of nanoparticles commonly used in daily life, particularly, in susceptible population.

Keywords

titanium dioxide nanoparticlesnanosafetyobesitymucus layergut microbiota

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Nano Research
Volume 14 Issue 5,
May 2021
Pages 1512-1522
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-3210-1
Cite this article:
Zhu X, Zhao L, Liu Z, et al. Long-term exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles promotes diet-induced obesity through exacerbating intestinal mucus layer damage and microbiota dysbiosis. Nano Research, 2021, 14(5): 1512-1522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3210-1
Topics:
MammalsNanoparticlesOxide mineralsPathologyTitanium Dioxide

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Received: 08 September 2020
Revised: 13 October 2020
Accepted: 22 October 2020
Published: 03 December 2020
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
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