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Research Article

Manganese nanodepot augments host immune response against coronavirus

Yizhe Sun1Yue Yin1Lidong Gong1Zichao Liang1Chuanda Zhu1Caixia Ren2Nan Zheng3Qiang Zhang4Haibin Liu5Wei Liu5Fuping You1Dan Lu1( )Zhiqiang Lin1( )
Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), National Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Department of General Surgery, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumchi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830002, China
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Abstract

Interferon (IFN) responses are central to host defense against coronavirus and other virus infections. Manganese (Mn) is capable of inducing IFN production, but its applications are limited by nonspecific distributions and neurotoxicity. Here, we exploit chemical engineering strategy to fabricate a nanodepot of manganese (nanoMn) based on Mn2+. Compared with free Mn2+, nanoMn enhances cellular uptake and persistent release of Mn2+ in a pH-sensitive manner, thus strengthening IFN response and eliciting broad-spectrum antiviral effects in vitro and in vivo. Preferentially phagocytosed by macrophages, nanoMn promotes M1 macrophage polarization and recruits monocytes into inflammatory foci, eventually augmenting antiviral immunity and ameliorating coronavirus-induced tissue damage. Besides, nanoMn can also potentiate the development of virus-specific memory T cells and host adaptive immunity through facilitating antigen presentation, suggesting its potential as a vaccine adjuvant. Pharmacokinetic and safety evaluations uncover that nanoMn treatment hardly induces neuroinflammation through limiting neuronal accumulation of manganese. Therefore, nanoMn offers a simple, safe, and robust nanoparticle-based strategy against coronavirus.

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Nano Research
Pages 1260-1272
Cite this article:
Sun Y, Yin Y, Gong L, et al. Manganese nanodepot augments host immune response against coronavirus. Nano Research, 2021, 14(5): 1260-1272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3243-5
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Received: 16 September 2020
Revised: 03 November 2020
Accepted: 14 November 2020
Published: 29 December 2020
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
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