Ultralight porous poly (vinylidene fluoride)-graphene nanocomposites with compressive sensing properties

Seyed Mohsen Seraji; Xing Jin; Zhifeng Yi; Chunfang Feng; Nisa V. Salim

doi:10.1007/s12274-020-3263-1

AI Chat Paper

Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.

Chat more with AI

| Sign up

Browse by Subject

Search for peer-reviewed journals with full access.

Journals A - Z

About Us

Discover the SciOpen Platform and Achieve Your Research Goals with Ease.

About Us

Publish with Us

Support

Search articles, authors, keywords, DOl and etc.

Published Date

Reset Search

{{expandStatus?'Exit ':''}}Advanced Search

Journals A - Z

About Us

Publish with Us

Support

Article Link

Cite

EndNote(RIS) BibTeX

Collect

Submit Manuscript

Show Outline

Outline

Show full outline

Hide outline

Outline

Show full outline

Hide outline

Research Article

Ultralight porous poly (vinylidene fluoride)-graphene nanocomposites with compressive sensing properties

Seyed Mohsen Seraji^¹, Xing Jin^², Zhifeng Yi^¹, Chunfang Feng^¹, Nisa V. Salim^{¹^,²}(

)

1Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia

2Mechanical Engineering and Product Design Engineering, Manufacturing Futures Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia

Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Compressible sensors with highly porous features are ideal candidates for sports and wearable electronics. This study demonstrated for the first time, how the crystalline transformation of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) influences aerogel formation and also the compressible sensing properties of a graphene composite. In the present study, two feasible synthesis methods are demonstrated for the fabrication of both PVDF/graphene foams and aerogels with high sensitivity. A three-dimensional network of the PVDF/graphene foams and aerogels is prepared by gelation induced crystallization of PVDF/cyclohexanone by adjusting temperature and time. Herein, PVDF/graphene foams and aerogels with density range of 0.11 - 0.17 g·cm^-3 were fabricated. The compressive behaviour of PVDF/graphene aerogels was compared with PVDF/graphene foam samples. Incorporation of 20 wt.% graphene in PVDF aerogel improved the compressive strength significantly by 12 times. The electromechanical performance of foams and aerogels shows that the PVDF/20G (G represents graphene) foam sample has high sensitivity of 396.7 kPa^-1 to the pressure higher than 400 kPa, while PVDF/40G aerogels have a sensitivity value of 3.0 × 10^-3 kPa^-1 in pressure range lower than 500 kPa. The results provide new pathways to fabricate porous composite with lighter density with high mechanical and electrical properties.

Keywords

porous composite poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)graphene foam aerogel

Electronic Supplementary Material

Download File(s)

12274_2020_3263_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (963.9 KB)

References

[1]

Chen,

Z. P.

; Ren,

W. C.

; Gao,

L. B.

; Liu,

B. L.

; Pei,

S. F.

; Cheng,

H. M.

Three-dimensional flexible and conductive interconnected graphene networks grown by chemical vapour deposition. Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 424-428.

Crossref Google Scholar

[2]

Anju,

; Renuka,

N. K.

Graphene-dye hybrid optical sensors. Nano-Struct. Nano-Objects 2019, 17, 194-217.

Crossref Google Scholar

[3]

Li,

; Zhang,

; Gao,

; Song,

; Huang,

; Wang,

; Liu,

L. W.

; Dai,

J. W.

; Tang,

M. L.

; Cheng,

G, S.

Three-dimensional graphene foam as a biocompatible and conductive scaffold for neural stem cells. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1604.

Crossref Google Scholar

[4]

Mo,

R. W.

; Rooney,

; Sun,

K. N.

; Yang,

H. Y.

3D nitrogen-doped graphene foam with encapsulated germanium/nitrogen-doped graphene yolk-shell nanoarchitecture for high-performance flexible Li-ion battery. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 13949.

Crossref Google Scholar

[5]

Yavari,

; Chen,

Z. P.

; Thomas,

A. V.

; Ren,

W. C.

; Cheng,

H. M.

; Koratkar,

High sensitivity gas detection using a macroscopic three-dimensional graphene foam network. Sci. Rep. 2011, 1, 166.

Crossref Google Scholar

[6]

Yang,

Y. Q.

; Asiri,

A. M.

; Tang,

Z. W.

; Du,

; Lin,

Y. H.

Graphene based materials for biomedical applications. Mater. Today 2013, 16, 365-373.

Crossref Google Scholar

[7]

Samad,

Y. A.

; Li,

Y. Q.

; Alhassan,

S. M.

; Liao,

Novel graphene foam composite with adjustable sensitivity for sensor applications. ACS Appl. Mater.Interfaces 2015, 7, 9195-9202.

Crossref Google Scholar

[8]

Wu,

; Huang,

X. Y.

; Wu,

X. F.

; Qian,

; Jiang,

P. K.

Mechanically flexible and multifunctional polymer-based graphene foams for elastic conductors and oil-water separators. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 5658-5662.

Crossref Google Scholar

[9]

Qin,

Y. Y.

; Peng,

Q. Y.

; Ding,

Y. J.

; Lin,

Z. S.

; Wang,

C. H.

; Li,

; Xu,

; Li,

J. J.

; Yuan,

; He,

X. D.

et al. Lightweight, superelastic, and mechanically flexible graphene/polyimide nanocomposite foam for strain sensor application. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 8933-8941.

Crossref Google Scholar

[10]

Wu,

Y. P.

; Yi,

N. B.

; Huang,

; Zhang,

T. F.

; Fang,

S. L.

; Chang,

H. C.

; Li,

; Oh,

; Lee,

J. A.

; Kozlov,

et al. Three-dimensionally bonded spongy graphene material with super compressive elasticity and near-zero Poisson’s ratio. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 6141.

Crossref Google Scholar

[11]

Eswaraiah,

; Sankaranarayanan,

; Ramaprabhu,

Functionalized graphene-PVDF foam composites for EMI shielding. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2011, 296, 894-898.

Google Scholar

[12]

Rezvantalab,

; Ghazi,

; Ambrusch,

M. J.

; Infante,

; Shojaei-Zadeh,

An aqueous-based approach for fabrication of PVDF/MWCNT porous composites. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 1716.

Google Scholar

[13]

Wang,

J. K.

; Xiong,

G. M.

; Zhu,

M. M.

; Özyilmaz,

; Neto,

A. H. C.

; Tan,

N. S.

; Choong,

Polymer-enriched 3D graphene foams for biomedical applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 8275-8283.

Google Scholar

[14]

Fuller,

C. R.

; Guigou,

; Gentry,

C. A.

Foam-PVDF smart skin for active control of sound. In Proceedings of SPIE 2721, Smart Structures and Materials 1996: Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies, San Diego, CA, USA, 1996.

[15]

Bezazi,

; Frioui,

; Scarpa,

Tensile static, fatigue and relaxation behaviour of closed cell electret PVDF foams. Mech. Mater. 2011, 43, 459-466.

Google Scholar

[16]

Chen,

X. L.

; Liang,

Y. N.

; Tang,

X. Z.

; Shen,

W. M.

; Hu,

Additive-free poly (vinylidene fluoride) aerogel for oil/water separation and rapid oil absorption. Chem. Eng. J. 2017, 308, 18-26.

Google Scholar

[17]

Li,

; Chen,

C. B.

; Li,

; Xu,

L. M.

; Xiao,

G. Y.

; Yan,

D. Y.

A facile approach to superhydrophobic and superoleophilic graphene/polymer aerogels. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 3057-3064.

Google Scholar

[18]

Lai,

Y. M.

; Wan,

; Wang,

B. G.

PVDF/Graphene composite nanoporous membranes for vanadium flow batteries. Membranes 2019, 9, 89.

Google Scholar

[19]

Jin,

; Feng,

C. F.

; Ponnamma,

; Yi,

Z. F.

; Parameswaranpillai,

; Thomas,

; Salim,

N. V.

Review on exploration of graphene in the design and engineering of smart sensors, actuators and soft robotics. Chem. Eng. J. Adv. 2020, 4, 100034.

Google Scholar

[20]

Al-Saygh,

; Ponnamma,

; AlMaadeed,

M. A.

; Vijayan,

P. P.

; Karim,

; Hassan,

M. K.

Flexible pressure sensor based on PVDF nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide-titania hybrid nanolayers. Polymers 2017, 9, 33.

Google Scholar

[21]

Vicente,

; Costa,

; Lanceros-Mendez,

; Abete,

J. M.

; Iturrospe,

Electromechanical properties of PVDF-Based polymers reinforced with nanocarbonaceous fillers for pressure sensing applications. Materials 2019, 12, 3545.

Google Scholar

[22]

Zha,

D. A.

; Mei,

S. L.

; Wang,

Z. Y.

; Li,

H. J.

; Shi,

Z. J.

; Jin,

Z. X.

Superhydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride/graphene porous materials. Carbon 2011, 49, 5166-5172.

Google Scholar

[23]

Huang,

; Yang,

S. W.

; He,

; Sun,

; Zhang,

; Li,

D. D.

; Meng,

; Zhou,

J. S.

; Tang,

H. X.

; Liang,

J. R.

et al. Phase-separation-induced PVDF/graphene coating on fabrics toward flexible piezoelectric sensors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 30732-30740.

Google Scholar

[24]

Gregorio,

Jr.; Ueno,

E. M.

Effect of crystalline phase, orientation and temperature on the dielectric properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). J. Mater. Sci. 1999, 34, 4489-4500.

Google Scholar

[25]

Martins,

; Lopes,

A. C.

; Lanceros-Mendez,

Electroactive phases of poly (vinylidene fluoride): Determination, processing and applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2014, 39, 683-706.

Google Scholar

[26]

Seraji,

S. M.

; Guo,

Q. P.

Polymorphism and crystallization in poly (vinylidene fluoride)/poly (ϵ-caprolactone)-block-poly (dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly (ϵ-caprolactone) blends. Polym. Int. 2020, 69, 173-183.

Google Scholar

[27]

Seraji,

S. M.

; Guo,

Q. P.

Nanophase morphology and crystallization in poly (vinylidene fluoride)/polydimethylsiloxane-block-poly (methyl methacrylate)-block-polystyrene blends. Polym. Int. 2019, 68, 1064-1073.

Google Scholar

[28]

Cui,

Z. L.

; Hassankiadeh,

N. T.

; Zhuang,

Y. B.

; Drioli,

; Lee,

Y. M.

Crystalline polymorphism in poly (vinylidenefluoride) membranes. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2015, 51, 94-126.

Google Scholar

[29]

Seraji,

S. M.

; Gui,

H. G.

; Zhang,

; Guo,

Q. P.

Nanophase morphology and crystallization in poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polydimethylsiloxane-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. Polym. Int. 2019, 68, 418-427.

Google Scholar

[30]

Sharma,

; Madras,

; Bose,

Contrasting effects of graphene oxide and poly (ethylenimine) on the polymorphism in poly (vinylidene fluoride). Cryst. Growth Des. 2015, 15, 3345-3355.

Google Scholar

[31]

Yu,

J. H.

; Jiang,

P. K.

; Wu,

; Wang,

L. C.

; Wu,

X. F.

Graphene nanocomposites based on poly (vinylidene fluoride): Structure and properties. Polym. Compos. 2011, 32, 1483-1491.

Google Scholar

[32]

Liu,

; Huang,

M. L.

; Li,

X. F.

; Wang,

C. J.

; Gui,

C. X.

; Yu,

Z. Z.

Highly compressible anisotropic graphene aerogels fabricated by directional freezing for efficient absorption of organic liquids. Carbon 2016, 100: 456-464.

Google Scholar

[33]

Xie,

; Zhou,

Y. L.

; Bi,

H. C.

; Yin,

K. B.

; Wan,

; Sun,

L. T.

Large-range control of the microstructures and properties of three-dimensional porous graphene. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 2117.

Google Scholar

[34]

Hu,

; Marciniak,

; Duncan,

Mechanics of Sheet Metal Forming; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2002.

[35]

Dong,

W. Y.

; Wang,

H. T.

; Ren,

F. L.

; Zhang,

J. Q.

; He,

M. F.

; Wu,

; Li,

Y. J.

Dramatic improvement in toughness of PLLA/PVDF blends: The effect of compatibilizer architectures. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2016, 4, 4480-4489.

Google Scholar

[36]

Tao,

M. M.

; Liu,

; Ma,

B. R.

; Xue,

L. X.

Effect of solvent power on PVDF membrane polymorphism during phase inversion. Desalination 2013, 316, 137-145.

Google Scholar

[37]

Govinna,

; Sadeghi,

; Asatekin,

; Cebe,

Thermal properties and structure of electrospun blends of PVDF with a fluorinated copolymer. J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 312-322.

Google Scholar

[38]

Kalaitzidou,

; Fukushima,

; Askeland,

; Drzal,

L. T.

The nucleating effect of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets and their influence on the crystal structure and electrical conductivity of polypropylene nanocomposites. J. Mater. Sci. 2008, 43, 2895-2907.

Google Scholar

[39]

Layek,

R. K.

; Samanta,

; Chatterjee,

D. P.

; Nandi,

A. K.

Physical and mechanical properties of poly (methyl methacrylate)-functionalized graphene/poly (vinylidine fluoride) nanocomposites: Piezoelectric β polymorph formation. Polymer 2010, 51, 5846-5856.

Google Scholar

[40]

Yu,

; Wu,

C. M.

; Chang,

C. Y.

; Wang,

C. Y.

; Rwe,

S. P.

Effects of crystalline morphologies on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforcing polymerized cyclic butylene terephthalate composites. Express Polym. Lett. 2012, 6, 318-328.

Google Scholar

[41]

Salimi,

; Yousefi,

A. A.

Analysis method: FTIR studies of β-phase crystal formation in stretched PVDF films. Polym. Test. 2003, 22, 699-704.

Google Scholar

[42]

Wang,

A. D.

; Chen,

C. F.

; Liao,

L. C.

; Qian,

J. L.

; Yuan,

F. G.

; Zhang,

N. Y.

Enhanced β-phase in direct ink writing PVDF thin films by intercalation of Graphene. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 2020, 30, 1497-1502.

Google Scholar

[43]

Guo,

; Creighton,

; Chen,

Y. T.

; Hurt,

; Külaots,

Porous structures in stacked, crumpled and pillared graphene-based 3D materials. Carbon 2014, 66, 476-484.

Google Scholar

[44]

Ponnamma,

; Goutham,

; Sadasivuni,

K. K.

; Rao,

K. V.

; Cabibihan,

J. J.

; Al-Maadeed,

M. A. A.

Controlling the sensing performance of rGO filled PVDF nanocomposite with the addition of secondary nanofillers. Synth. Met. 2018, 243: 34-43.

Google Scholar

[45]

McAllister,

M. J.

; Li,

J. L.

; Adamson,

D. H.

; Schniepp,

H. C.

; Abdala,

A. A.

; Liu,

; Herrera-Alonso,

; Milius,

D. L.

; Car,

; Prud’homme,

R. K.

et al. Single sheet functionalized graphene by oxidation and thermal expansion of graphite. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 4396-4404.

Google Scholar

[46]

Schniepp,

H. C.

; Li,

J. L.

; McAllister,

M. J.

; Sai,

; Herrera-Alonso,

; Adamson,

D. H.

; Prud'homme,

R. K.

; Car,

; Saville,

D. A.

; Aksay,

I. A.

Functionalized single graphene sheets derived from splitting graphite oxide. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 8535-8539.

Google Scholar

[47]

Feng,

C. F.

; Yi,

Z. F.

; Jin,

; Seraji,

S. M.

; Dong,

Y. J.

; Kong,

L. X.

; Salim,

Solvent crystallization-induced porous polyurethane/graphene composite foams for pressure sensing. Compos. Part B Eng. 2020, 194, 108065.

Google Scholar

Nano Research

Volume 14 Issue 8,
August 2021

Pages 2620-2629

DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-3263-1

Cite this article:

Seraji SM, Jin X, Yi Z, et al. Ultralight porous poly (vinylidene fluoride)-graphene nanocomposites with compressive sensing properties. Nano Research, 2021, 14(8): 2620-2629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3263-1

Topics:

Fluorine compounds Graphene Nanocomposites

846

Views

Crossref

Web of Science

Scopus

CSCD

Google Scholar
Citation

Altmetrics

Received: 22 July 2020

Revised: 30 October 2020

Accepted: 24 November 2020

Published: 09 January 2021