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Research Article

Fast and stable K-ion storage enabled by synergistic interlayer and pore-structure engineering

Deping Li1( ), Qing Sun2, Yamin Zhang2, Xinyue Dai2, Fengjun Ji1, Kaikai Li1, Qunhui Yuan1, Xingjun Liu1, Lijie Ci1,2( )
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (shenzhen)Shenzhen518055China
Research Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Carbon-based material has been regarded as one of the most promising electrode materials for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). However, the battery performance based on reported porous carbon electrodes is still unsatisfactory, while the in-depth K-ion storage mechanism remains relatively ambiguous. Herein, we propose a facile "in situ self-template bubbling" method for synthesizing interlayer-tuned hierarchically porous carbon with different metallic ions, which delivers superior K-ion storage performance, especially the high reversible capacity (360.6 mAh·g−1@0.05 A·g−1), excellent rate capability (158.6 mAh·g−1@10.0 A·g−1) and ultralong high-rate cycling stability (82.8% capacity retention after 2, 000 cycles at 5.0 A·g−1). Theoretical simulation reveals the correlations between interlayer distance and K-ion diffusion kinetics. Experimentally, deliberately designed consecutive cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, ex situ Raman tests, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) method decipher the origin of the excellent rate performance by disentangling the synergistic effect of interlayer and pore-structure engineering. Considering the facile preparation strategy, superior electrochemical performance and insightful mechanism investigations, this work may deepen the fundamental understandings of carbon-based PIBs and related energy storage devices like sodium-ion batteries, aluminum-ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors, and dual-ion batteries.

Keywords

potassium-ion batteriessynergistic interlayer and pore-structure engineeringtheoretical calculationscarbonaceous electrodeex situ Raman technique

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Nano Research
Volume 14 Issue 12,
December 2021
Pages 4502-4511
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3324-0
Cite this article:
Li D, Sun Q, Zhang Y, et al. Fast and stable K-ion storage enabled by synergistic interlayer and pore-structure engineering. Nano Research, 2021, 14(12): 4502-4511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3324-0
Topics:
CarbonElectrodesEnergy storageIon batteriesMetal ionsPore structureSodium

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Received: 05 November 2020
Revised: 23 December 2020
Accepted: 10 January 2021
Published: 06 February 2021
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
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