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Research Article

Synergetic lethal energy depletion initiated by cancer cell membrane camouflaged nano-inhibitor for cancer therapy

Fudan Dong1,§Qikun Jiang1,§Lingxiao Li1Tian Liu1Shiyi Zuo1Lin Gao1Mengna Fang1Yanlin Gao2Bingjun Sun1Cong Luo1Zhonggui He1( )Jin Sun1( )
Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China

§ Fudan Dong and Qikun Jiang contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

Tissue nanotransfection is a novel biotechnology, and we employed a cell-arraybased model and a multilayer-stack-based model to simulate and illustrate the DNA delivery process across the skin tissue via the Si hollow needle array-based chip at nano and micro scales. It was found that a moderate electric field of about 150 V/mm can effectively deliver DNA with a balance between the delivery efficiency and safety concerns.

Abstract

Mitochondrial bioenergy plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Although strategies to impede mitochondrial energy supply have been rapidly developed, the anticancer efficacy is still far from satisfactory, mainly attributed to the hybrid metabolic pathways of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. Herein, we construct a cancer cell membrane camouflaged nano-inhibitor, mTPPa–Sy nanoparticle (NP), which co-encapsulates OXPHOS inhibitor (mitochondrial-targeting photosensitizers: TPPa) and glycolysis inhibitor (syrosingopine (Sy)) for synergistically blocking the two different energy pathways. The mTPPa–Sy NPs exhibit precision tumor-targeting due to the high affinity between the biomimic membrane and the homotypic cancer cells. Under laser irradiation, the mitochondrial-targeting TPPa, which is synthesized by conjugating pyropheophorbide a (PPa) with triphenylphosphin, produces excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further disrupts the OXPHOS. Interestingly, OXPHOS inhibition reduces O2 consumption and improves ROS production, further constructing a closed-loop OXPHOS inhibition system. Moreover, TPPa-initiated OXPHOS inhibition in combination with the Sy-triggered glycolysis inhibition results in lethal energy depletion, significantly suppressing tumor growth even after a single treatment. Our findings highlight the necessity and effectiveness of synergetic lethal energy depletion, providing a prospective strategy for efficient cancer therapy.

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Nano Research
Pages 3422-3433
Cite this article:
Dong F, Jiang Q, Li L, et al. Synergetic lethal energy depletion initiated by cancer cell membrane camouflaged nano-inhibitor for cancer therapy. Nano Research, 2022, 15(4): 3422-3433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3948-0
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Received: 24 August 2021
Revised: 18 October 2021
Accepted: 24 October 2021
Published: 05 January 2022
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
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