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Research Article

A garnet-electrolyte based molten Li-I2 battery with high performance

Bin Sun1Panpan Wang1,2Jing Xu1Qianzheng Jin1( )Zili Zhang1Hui Wu3( )Yang Jin1( )
Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery Application, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xiangtan university, Xiangtan 411105, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Graphical Abstract

Here, we firstly report a molten Li-I2 battery (MLIB) based on the U-shaped garnet Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) ceramic electrolyte tube at a moderate operating temperature of 260 °C, comprised of a molten lithium anode and a molten CsI/LiI eutectic salt cathode. The high active material LiI loading in a single cell can reach up to 593 mg (~ 173.7 mg·cm−2).

Abstract

Lithium-iodine (Li-I2) battery exhibits high potential to match with high-rate property and large energy density. However, problems of the system, such as evident sublimation of iodine elements, dissolution of iodine species in electrolyte, and lithium anode corrosion, prevent the practical use of rechargeable Li-I2 batteries. In this work, a molten Li-I2 typical cell design which has distinct advantages based on the solid-state garnet electrolyte with the eutectic iodate cathode is firstly developed. The U-shaped ceramic electrolyte tube can separate Li anode from the eutectic iodate cathode, so as to better tackle the above-mentioned inherent challenges for the liquid electrolyte systems. Without self-discharging and lithium anode corrosion, this solid-state battery system demonstrates high safety margin and excellent electrochemical performance. Also, the simple battery structure also indicates the easy assembly process and recycling of electrode materials. With the cathode loading of 593 mg in a single cell, an energy density of ~ 506.7 Wh·kg−1 was achieved at 1 C and a long-term cycling life for 2,000 cycles also displays negligible capacity decay.

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Nano Research
Pages 4076-4082
Cite this article:
Sun B, Wang P, Xu J, et al. A garnet-electrolyte based molten Li-I2 battery with high performance. Nano Research, 2022, 15(5): 4076-4082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-4010-y
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Received: 17 September 2021
Revised: 14 November 2021
Accepted: 22 November 2021
Published: 31 December 2021
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
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