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Research Article

A drug/carrier dual redox-responsive system based on 6-mercaptopurine dimer-loaded cysteine polymer nanoparticles for enhanced lymphoma therapy

Liying Wang1Chunlei Dai1Yifen Fang2Xinru You1,3( )Jun Wu1( )
School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Graphical Abstract

Traditional anticancer drug 6-mercaptopurine was dimerized and then encapsulated by a cysteine-based polymer to form a drug/carrier dual redox-responsive nanoplatform (DMP-NPs). The DMP-NPs achieved controllable drug release, enhanced tumor accumulation, and improved the anticancer effect against lymphoma therapy with high safety.

Abstract

Many anticancer drugs have limited clinical applications owing to their unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy or side effects. This situation can be improved by drug delivery systems or drug modification strategies. Herein, to improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the traditional anticancer drug 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), we dimerized 6-MP to form a disulfide bond-containing drug dimer and prepared a cysteine-based poly (disulfide amide) with redox-responsive capability as a drug carrier. Briefly, dimeric 6-MP (DMP) was synthesized via the oxidization of iodine and self-assembled with the poly (disulfide amide) to form dual redox-responsive DMP-loaded NPs (DMP-NPs). The 6-MP itself could hardly be loaded into nanoparticles (NPs) owing to its hydrophobicity, while the DMP-NPs showed a higher drug loading capacity over 6-MP, small particle size, and favorable stability. With abundant disulfide bonds in polymer backbones and drug payloads, DMP-NPs could rapidly respond to high levels of glutathione (GSH) and release drugs in a controllable manner. More importantly, both cellular and animal experiments demonstrated the enhanced anticancer efficacy of DMP-NPs against lymphoma and their high safety. Overall, this drug dimer-loaded dual redox-responsive drug delivery system provides new options for improving the applications of traditional drugs and developing drug delivery systems with enhanced drug effects and high safety.

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Nano Research
Pages 4544-4551
Cite this article:
Wang L, Dai C, Fang Y, et al. A drug/carrier dual redox-responsive system based on 6-mercaptopurine dimer-loaded cysteine polymer nanoparticles for enhanced lymphoma therapy. Nano Research, 2022, 15(5): 4544-4551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-4037-0
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Received: 21 October 2021
Revised: 29 November 2021
Accepted: 02 December 2021
Published: 21 February 2022
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
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