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Research Article

Glucose-responsive erythrocyte-bound nanoparticles for continuously modulated insulin release

Xiaomin Xu1, Yani Xu1, Yuai Li1, Min Li1, Leilei Wang1, Qiang Zhang1, Bingjie Zhou1, Qing Lin1, Tao Gong1, Xun Sun1, Zhirong Zhang1( ), Ling Zhang2( )
Key laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Graphical Abstract

An erythrocyte-biomimetic glucose-responsive system (EGRS) with glucose-responsiveness andlong-term effect was successfully constructed by coupling glucose-responsive nanoparticles(GRNs) to red blood cells, which can release insulin intelligently to maintain blood glucose levelin the normal range for a long time.

Abstract

Glucose-responsive closed-loop insulin delivery systems represent a promising treatment strategy for diabetes, but current systems generally cannot achieve long-term effects. In this study, we designed an erythrocyte-biomimetic glucose-responsive system (EGRS) by coupling glucose-responsive nanoparticles (GRNs) to red blood cells; these nanoparticles exhibited the dual functions of glucose-responsiveness and persistent presence in circulation. GRNs are generated by encapsulating with insulin through ion crosslinking, followed by coloading with glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase (CAT), a process that endows the nanoparticles with glucose-responsiveness. Simultaneously, the GRNs are coupled with red blood cells to camouflage them from the immune system, therefore, these erythrocyte-coupled GRNs can circulate in the blood for a long time. Under conditions of hyperglycemia, GOx acts on blood glucose to produce gluconic acid, which causes the rupture of GRNs and efficient release of insulin. Conversely, insulin is only released at the basic rate during hypoglycemia. Thus, EGRS can efficiently and continuously respond to hyperglycemia to maintain blood glucose levels within the normal range.

Keywords

glucose-responsiveerythrocyte-biomimeticinsulin releaseblood glucose controldiabetes

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Nano Research
Volume 15 Issue 6,
June 2022
Pages 5205-5215
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4105-0
Cite this article:
Xu X, Xu Y, Li Y, et al. Glucose-responsive erythrocyte-bound nanoparticles for continuously modulated insulin release. Nano Research, 2022, 15(6): 5205-5215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4105-0
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Nano biology

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Received: 25 October 2021
Revised: 20 December 2021
Accepted: 22 December 2021
Published: 04 March 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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