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Review Article

Light hybrid micro/nano-robots: From propulsion to functional signals

Yuxin Gao1, Ze Xiong2, Jizhuang Wang1( ), Jinyao Tang2, Dan Li1
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Graphical Abstract

Hybridization of multiple stimuli indicates a new strategy for advanced micro/nanorobots(MNRs) design. Light has been demonstrated to be a flexible control stimulus and functionalsignals. This review starts with the fundamental design principle of light-hybrid MNRs, withlight as propulsion and functional signals. On top of it, light hybrid systems, coupling withmagnetic, electric, chemical, or ultrasound field, were reviewed. The hybridization of lightwith other actuation method ushers in novel MNRs with broadened design space, improvedcontrollability, and advanced functionality.

Abstract

Untethered motile micro/nanorobots (MNRs) that can operate in hard-to-reach small space and perform noninvasive tasks in cellular level hold bright future in healthcare, nanomanufacturing, biosensing, and environmental remediation. Light, as a flexible encoding method with tunable freedom of intensity, wavelength, polarization, and propagation direction, endows unique spatial-temporal precision and dexterity to the manipulation of MNRs. Meanwhile, light has been extensively investigated as functional signals in bioimaging, phototherapy, as well as photoelectrochemical reactions. The hybridization of light and other actuation method ushers in novel MNRs with broadened design space, improved controllability, and advanced functionality. In this review, the fundamental mechanisms of light-driven MNRs will be revisited. On top of it, light hybrid systems, coupling with magnetic, electric, chemical, or ultrasound field, will be reviewed, with light for propulsion or as functional signal. The rational hybridization of multiple stimulus in MNRs not only promises simple combination of two driving forces, but more importantly, motivates rethinking of light-driven MNRs for unprecedented applications.

Keywords

micro/nanorobotsmicro/nanomotorsmultiple stimuluslight-drivenfunctional signals

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Nano Research
Volume 15 Issue 6,
June 2022
Pages 5355-5375
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4119-7
Cite this article:
Gao Y, Xiong Z, Wang J, et al. Light hybrid micro/nano-robots: From propulsion to functional signals. Nano Research, 2022, 15(6): 5355-5375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4119-7
Topics:
Nano device

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Received: 01 October 2021
Revised: 23 November 2021
Accepted: 28 December 2021
Published: 19 March 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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