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Research Article

Carbon nanodots: A metal-free, easy-to-synthesize, and benign emitter for light-emitting electrochemical cells

Yongfeng Liu1,3, Shi Tang1,2, Xiuyu Wu1, Nicolas Boulanger1, Eduardo Gracia-Espino1, Thomas Wågberg1, Ludvig Edman1,2( ), Jia Wang1( )
Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
LunaLEC AB, Linnaeus väg 24, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Graphical Abstract

A sustainable and cost-efficient light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) should comprise an emittingcompound that is free from precious metals and inexpensive to synthesize. Here, we report on thefacile catalyst-free synthesis of highly luminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) from a bio-based startingmaterial, and on their implementation in CND-LECs that deliver bright light emission.

Abstract

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) can be fabricated with cost-efficient printing and coating methods, but a current drawback is that the LEC emitter is commonly either a rare-metal complex or an expensive-to-synthesize conjugated polymer. Here, we address this issue through the pioneering employment of metal-free and facile-to-synthesize carbon nanodots (CNDs) as the emitter in functional LEC devices. Circular-shaped (average diameter = 4.4 nm) and hydrophilic CNDs, which exhibit narrow cyan photoluminescence (peak = 485 nm, full width at half maximum = 30 nm) with a high quantum yield of 77% in dilute ethanol solution, were synthesized with a catalyst-free, one-step solvothermal process using low-cost and benign phloroglucinol as the sole starting material. The propensity of the planar CNDs to form emission-quenching aggregates in the solid state was inhibited by the inclusion of a compatible 2,7-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-9,9’-spirobifluorene host compound, and we demonstrate that such pristine host-guest CND-LECs turn on to a peak luminance of 118 cd·m−2 within 5 s during constant current-density driving at 77 mA·cm−2.

Keywords

carbon nanodotlight-emitting electrochemical cellphloroglucinolsustainable synthesissolution-based fabrication

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Nano Research
Volume 15 Issue 6,
June 2022
Pages 5610-5618
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4126-8
Cite this article:
Liu Y, Tang S, Wu X, et al. Carbon nanodots: A metal-free, easy-to-synthesize, and benign emitter for light-emitting electrochemical cells. Nano Research, 2022, 15(6): 5610-5618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4126-8
Topics:
Semiconductors

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Received: 15 November 2021
Revised: 23 December 2021
Accepted: 30 December 2021
Published: 15 March 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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