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Research Article

Oxygen vacancies confined in porous Co3V2O8 sheets for durable and high-energy aqueous sodium-ion capacitors

Anchun Tang1Chubin Wan1( )Xianhe Meng2Xiangcao Li3Xiaoyu Hu1Miaofeng Huang1Xin Ju1( )
Physics Department, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
College of Science, Xi’an Aeronautical University, Xi’an 710077, China
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Graphical Abstract

Mesoporous and vacancy-rich Co3V2O8 nanosheets were used as cathode for highperformance aqueous sodium-ion capacitors (SICs). The different charge storagemechanisms of Co3V2O8 in alkaline and neutral aqueous electrolytes and the Na+storage mechanism of the Co3V2O8 cathode was revealed. The oxygen vacanciesled to a narrowed bandgap and reduce the sodiation energy barrier of Co3V2O8.

Abstract

Sodium-ion capacitors have the potential to deliver high energy, power density, and excellent cycling stability. In this study, ultrathin Co3V2O8 nanosheets are successfully synthesized through an one-pot hydrothermal reaction and a subsequent doping reconfiguration-induced vacancy-forming process. Abundant oxygen vacancies and high porosity are observed in the Co3V2O8 electrode and result in excellent electrochemical performance in 1 M NaOH and Na2SO4 electrolytes. The cathode has a large specific capacity (@NaOH), high-rate capability (@NaOH), wide voltage window (@Na2SO4), and favorable long-cycle stability. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that the Co3V2O8 electrode displays a battery-like behavior related to OH ions in the alkaline NaOH electrolyte. By contrast, in the neutral Na2SO4 electrolyte, Co3V2O8 mainly shows an intercalation/extraction behavior with Na+ ions. Density functional theory calculation suggests that oxygen vacancy leads to a new state located in the bandgap, which greatly improves the electron transfer efficiency and reduces the sodiation energy barrier of Co3V2O8 in the neutral Na2SO4 electrolyte. Moreover, when paired with a high-voltage activated carbon (AC) anode, full-cell Co3V2O8//Na2SO4//AC delivers high energy/power densities (89.6 Wh·kg−1/330 W·kg−1).

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Nano Research
Pages 5123-5133
Cite this article:
Tang A, Wan C, Meng X, et al. Oxygen vacancies confined in porous Co3V2O8 sheets for durable and high-energy aqueous sodium-ion capacitors. Nano Research, 2022, 15(6): 5123-5133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4147-3
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Received: 12 October 2021
Revised: 17 December 2021
Accepted: 11 January 2022
Published: 15 March 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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