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Research Article

Ultra-antifreeze, ultra-stretchable, transparent, and conductive hydrogel for multi-functional flexible electronics as strain sensor and triboelectric nanogenerator

Xinhuan Dai1,2,§, Yong Long1,2,§, Bing Jiang1,3, Wenbin Guo1,2, Wei Sha1,2, Jiangwen Wang1,2, Zifeng Cong1,2, Jiwei Chen1,3, Bingjun Wang1,3, Weiguo Hu1,2,3 ( )
Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China

§ Xinhuan Dai and Yong Long contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

A kind of double network transparent hydrogel (GPPD-hydrogel) with multi-functions such assuper freeze resistance, excellent water retention capacity, ultra-high stretchability, and goodconductivity is prepared. It can work stably at extremely low temperatures as strain sensor, andcan be used as an ideal electrode of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to collect mechanicalenergy at −80 ℃.

Abstract

Conductive hydrogels have become one of the most promising candidates for flexible electronics due to their excellent mechanical flexibility, durability of deformation, and good electrical conductivity. However, in real applications, severe environments occur frequently, such as extremely cold weather. General hydrogels always lack anti-freeze and anti-dehydration abilities. Consequently, the functions of electronic devices based on traditional hydrogels will quickly fail in extreme environments. Therefore, the development of environmentally robust hydrogels that can withstand extremely low temperatures, overcome dehydration, and ensure the stable operation of electronic devices has become increasingly important. Here, we report a kind of graphene oxide (GO) incorporated polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylamide (PVA-PAAm) double network hydrogel (GPPD-hydrogel) which shows excellent anti-freeze ability. The GPPD-hydrogel exhibits not only good flexibility and ultra-high stretchability up to 2,000%, but ensures a high sensitivity when used as the strain sensor at −50 °C. More importantly, when serving as the electrode of a sandwich-structural triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), the GPPD-hydrogel endows the TENG high and stable output performances even under −80 °C. Besides, the GPPD-hydrogel is demonstrated long-lasting moisture retention over 100 days. The GPPD-hydrogel provides a reliable and promising candidate for the new generation of wearable electronics.

Keywords

triboelectric nanogeneratorsantifreezeultra-stretchable hydrogelsstrain sensorsmulti-functional flexible electronics

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Nano Research
Volume 15 Issue 6,
June 2022
Pages 5461-5468
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4153-5
Cite this article:
Dai X, Long Y, Jiang B, et al. Ultra-antifreeze, ultra-stretchable, transparent, and conductive hydrogel for multi-functional flexible electronics as strain sensor and triboelectric nanogenerator. Nano Research, 2022, 15(6): 5461-5468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4153-5
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Received: 08 October 2021
Revised: 17 December 2021
Accepted: 12 January 2022
Published: 27 February 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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