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Highly dispersed Ni catalyst and alkaline promoters supported by mesoporous SiO2 nanospheres were synthesized and applied as an active and stable catalyst for dry reforming of methane (DRM). The as-prepared Ni/MgO-mSiO2 catalyst showed stable conversions of CH4 and CO2 around 82% and 85% in 120 h of DRM reaction, which was superior in performance compared to similar catalysts in literatures. Based on the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), CO-pulse adsorption, temperature programmed reduction of the oxidized catalysts by hydrogen (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD), and thermal gravitational analysis (TGA), the promotion effect of MgO on the Ni catalyst was systematically studied. The introduction of Mg2+ in synthesis enhanced the interaction between Ni2+ and mSiO2, which led to a high dispersion of active centers and a strong “metal–support” interactions to inhibit the sintering and deactivation of Ni at reaction temperatures. On the other hand, Ni and MgO nanoparticles formed adjacently on mSiO2, where the “Ni-MgO” interface not only improved the Ni0 distribution and promoted the cracking of CH4 but also promoted the activation of CO2 and the elimination of carbon deposits. A high and stable conversion of CH4 and CO2 were then achieved through the synergistic effect of Ni catalyst, MgO promoter, and mSiO2 support.
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