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Review Article

Improving stability of MXenes

Jizhou Jiang1,2, Saishuai Bai1, Jing Zou1, Song Liu3, Jyh-Ping Hsu4, Neng Li5, Guoyin Zhu6, Zechao Zhuang7( ), Qi Kang8( ), Yizhou Zhang6( )
School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
Key Laboratory of Rare Mineral, Ministry of Natural Resources, Geological Experimental Testing Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430034, China
Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Department of Chemical Engineering, “National Taiwan University”, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, China
State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

This work summarized the factors affecting the stability of freshly prepared MXenes, and strategies to increase it.

Abstract

Due to their superior hydrophilicity and conductivity, ultra-high volumetric capacitance, and rich surface-chemistry properties, MXenes exhibit unique and excellent performance in catalysis, energy storage, electromagnetic shielding, and life sciences. Since they are derived from ceramics (MAX phase) through etching, one of the challenges in MXenes preparation is the inevitable exposure of metal atoms on their surface and embedding of anions and cations. Because the as-obtained MXenes are always in a thermodynamically metastable state, they tend to react with trace oxygen or oxygen-containing groups to form metal oxides or degrade, leading to sharply declined activity and impaired performance. Therefore, improving the stability of MXenes-based materials is of practical significance in relevant applications. Unfortunately, there lacks a comprehensive review in the literature on relevant topics. To help promote the wide applications of MXenes, we review from the following aspects: (i) insights into the factors affecting the stability of MXenes-based materials, including oxidation of MXenes flakes, stability of MXenes colloidal solutions, and swelling and degradation of MXenes thin-film, (ii) strategies for enhancing the stability of MXenes-based materials by optimizing MAX phase synthesis and modifying the MXenes preparation, and (iii) techniques for further increasing the stability of freshly prepared MXenes-based materials via controlling the storage conditions, and forming shielding on the surface and/or edge of MXenes flakes. Finally, some outlooks are proposed on the future developments and challenges of highly active and stable MXenes. We aim to provide guidance for the design, preparation, and applications of MXenes-based materials with excellent stability and activity.

Keywords

MXenesstabilityoxidationswelling and degradationshielding strategies

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Nano Research
Volume 15 Issue 7,
July 2022
Pages 6551-6567
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4312-8
Cite this article:
Jiang J, Bai S, Zou J, et al. Improving stability of MXenes. Nano Research, 2022, 15(7): 6551-6567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4312-8
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Received: 11 February 2022
Revised: 10 March 2022
Accepted: 11 March 2022
Published: 19 May 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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