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Research Article

Sensitively detecting antigen of SARS-CoV-2 by NIR-II fluorescent nanoparticles

Ruibin Hu1,§, Tao Liao2,§, Yan Ren3,§, Wenming Liu2, Rui Ma1, Xinyuan Wang1, Qihui Lin3( ), Guoxin Wang2( ), Yongye Liang1( )
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
WWHS Biotech. Inc., Shenzhen 518122, China
Joint Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Hygienic Section of Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Longhua District, Shenzhen 518109, China

§ Ruibin Hu, Tao Liao, and Yan Ren contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

The second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescent nanoparticles are applied to construct a lateral flow assay (LFA) for sensitive detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen. The NIR-II LFA shows improved limit of detection down to 0.01 ng·mL−1 and outperforms the colloidal gold-based LFA with much higher accuracy in positive sample detection in clinical sample measurements.

Abstract

Early detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is an efficient way to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigen can be rapid and convenient, but it is still challenging to develop highly sensitive methods for effective diagnosis. Herein, a lateral flow assay (LFA) based on fluorescent nanoparticles emitting in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window is developed for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen. Benefiting from the NIR-II fluorescence with high penetration and low autofluorescence, such NIR-II based LFA allows enhanced signal-to-background ratio, and the limit of detection is down to 0.01 ng·mL−1 of SARS-CoV-2 antigen. In the clinical swab sample tests, the NIR-II LFA outperforms the colloidal gold LFA with higher overall percent agreement with the polymerase chain reaction test. The clinical samples with low antigen concentrations (~ 0.015–~ 0.068 ng·mL−1) can be successfully detected by the NIR-II LFA, but fail for the colloidal gold LFA. The NIR-II LFA can provide a promising platform for highly sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective method for early diagnosis and mass screening of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Keywords

coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)antigen detectionthe second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorophoreslateral flow assay

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Nano Research
Volume 15 Issue 8,
August 2022
Pages 7313-7319
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4351-1
Cite this article:
Hu R, Liao T, Ren Y, et al. Sensitively detecting antigen of SARS-CoV-2 by NIR-II fluorescent nanoparticles. Nano Research, 2022, 15(8): 7313-7319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4351-1
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Received: 06 February 2022
Revised: 19 March 2022
Accepted: 22 March 2022
Published: 10 May 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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