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Research Article

Highly stable aqueous zinc-ion batteries enabled by suppressing the dendrite and by-product formation in multifunctional Al3+ electrolyte additive

Xianlin Zhou1, Kaixuan Ma1, Qianyu Zhang2( ), Gongzheng Yang1( ), Chengxin Wang1
State key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, China
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Graphical Abstract

A robust aqueous zinc-ion battery with continuous operating time over 1,600 h at low current density is developed by an Al3+ additive-based electrolyte. The multifunctional additive has demonstrated the advantages in improving the cycle performances by strengthening the structure stability due to the Al-doped cathode materials, and preventing the by-product and zinc dendrite formation.

Abstract

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have gained extensive attention owing to the high safety, low cost, and high power/energy densities. But unfortunately the ZIBs universally suffer from the highly damaging series of side reactions, majorly including the insulating products formation, dendritic growth of zinc, and hydrogen evolution. To date there are few reports on the effective strategy that can solve the problems at the same time. Here we propose a novel hybrid electrolyte with Al3+ as additive to construct an aqueous ZIB composed of metallic zinc anode and K0.51V2O5 (KVO) nanoplate cathode. The highly reversible multistep K+/Zn2+-ions co-insertion/extraction in the lamellar structure with large interlayer spacing is clearly evidenced by systematical characterizations. In the presence of Al3+, the insulating basic zinc salts on the cathode surface have been reduced greatly, and the electrochemical potential window has been significantly expanded from 3 to 4.35 V. More interestingly, the Al3+ acts as a dopant embedded into the lattice that strengthens the crystal structure. Benefits from the suppressed zinc dendrite growth, the symmetrical Zn/Zn battery exhibited a satisfactory cycling life over 1,500 h at a high rate of 3 mA·cm–2 in the hybrid electrolyte. As a result, the Zn/KVO batteries delivered a high specific capacity of 210 mAh·g–1 and retained high capacity retention of 91% after 1,600 h at a low current of 100 mA·g–1.

Keywords

hybrid electrolytelong cycle lifeelectrolyte additiveaqueous Zn-ion batteriesvanadium-based cathode

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Nano Research
Volume 15 Issue 9,
September 2022
Pages 8039-8047
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4419-y
Cite this article:
Zhou X, Ma K, Zhang Q, et al. Highly stable aqueous zinc-ion batteries enabled by suppressing the dendrite and by-product formation in multifunctional Al3+ electrolyte additive. Nano Research, 2022, 15(9): 8039-8047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4419-y
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Received: 20 January 2022
Revised: 20 March 2022
Accepted: 13 April 2022
Published: 14 June 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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