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Research Article

A scaffold with zinc-whitlockite nanoparticles accelerates bone reconstruction by promoting bone differentiation and angiogenesis

Mingming Wang1,§, Jiaxin Yao2,§, Shihong Shen1, Chunning Heng1, Yanyi Zhang3, Tao Yang4( ), Xiaoyan Zheng1,2( )
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
Xi’an Giant Biogene Technology Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710069, China
Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China

§ Mingming Wang and Jiaxin Yao contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

This diagram showed the construction mechanism of the nanocomposite scaffold and its application in the treatment of bone defects.

Abstract

The therapy of bone defects based on advanced biological scaffolds offers the most promising therapeutic strategy for bone reconstruction. It is still challenging to develop scaffolds with the mechanical, osteogenic, angiogenic, and antibacterial properties required for bone defect reconstruction. Here, a novel organic/inorganic composite scaffold (zinc-whitlockite (ZnWH)/G/H) was synthesized using gellan gum (GG), human-like collagen (HLC), and ZnWH nanoparticles. The scaffold had excellent mechanical properties, adjustable swelling ratio, and interconnected pore structure. In addition to its excellent biocompatibility, it could promote osteogenic differentiation by releasing ZnWH nanoparticles to stimulate human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) to upregulate the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN). In addition, this study showed that ZnWH nanoparticles could also promote angiogenesis by upregulating the paracrine secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hBMSCs. At the same time, the scaffold could inhibit the proliferation of bacteria. After 12 weeks of treatment in the rabbit femoral defect model, the ZnWH/G/H scaffold significantly accelerated the process of bone reconstruction. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the prepared novel nanocomposite scaffold, ZnWH/G/H, offers a promising candidate for bone regeneration.

Keywords

angiogenesisbone repairosteogenesisnanocomposite scaffoldzinc-whitlockite

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 1,
January 2023
Pages 757-770
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4644-4
Cite this article:
Wang M, Yao J, Shen S, et al. A scaffold with zinc-whitlockite nanoparticles accelerates bone reconstruction by promoting bone differentiation and angiogenesis. Nano Research, 2023, 16(1): 757-770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4644-4
Topics:
Tissue regeneration

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Received: 25 May 2022
Revised: 07 June 2022
Accepted: 08 June 2022
Published: 28 July 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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